Phenomenological Research Needs to be Renewed: Time to Integrate Enactivism as a Flexible Resource
Phenomenological Research Needs to be Renewed: Time to Integrate Enactivism as a Flexible Resource
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DOI：
10.1177/1609406921995299
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发表时间：
2021-02-19
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Harman, Katherine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stilwell, Peter;Harman, Katherine
现象学保护伞下的定性研究方法正在变得过于规范和教条(例如，过度和不必要地关注纪元和约化)。现象学(作为一种定性研究方法)需要更新和更新，使其具有方法上的灵活性。在这份流程文件中，我们提供了一种可以实现这一点的方法。我们概述了新兴的后认知主义范式，以及植根于现象学和具身认知的无能动主义的统一运动。我们认为，非能动性可以被定性研究者作为一种灵活的资源来探索第一人称(主观)经验的展开及其意义(即，能动的意义制造概念)。主动方法通常与“基于E的”理论联系在一起，例如，意义的形成是一个5E的过程(体现、嵌入、实施、情感和扩展)。我们认为，失能主义和基于E的理论可以通过折衷和非规范的方式为现象学研究提供信息，包括与现有方法的整合，如观察/访谈和带有混合演绎-归纳编码的主题分析。非能动主义的现象学研究超越了方法论的个人主义，可以为探索意义生成的复杂、动态和上下文敏感性质的新颖定性研究提供信息。我们借鉴了我们的主动研究，该研究探索了临床医生和患者之间对疼痛相关含义的共同构建，同时也提供了主动理论可以应用的其他方式。我们提供了样本访谈指南和代码簿，以及设计、实施和报道使用Enactive理论进行值得信赖的现象学研究时要考虑的严谨性的关键组成部分。
Qualitative research approaches under the umbrella of phenomenology are becoming overly prescriptive and dogmatic (e.g., excessive and unnecessary focus on the epoche and reduction). There is a need for phenomenology (as a qualitative research approach) to be renewed and refreshed with opportunities for methodological flexibility. In this process paper, we offer one way this could be achieved. We provide an overview of the emerging paradigm of post-cognitivism and the aligned movement of enactivism which has roots in phenomenology and embodied cognition. We argue that enactivism can be used as a flexible resource by qualitative researchers exploring the unfolding of first-person (subjective) experience and its meanings (i.e., the enactive concept of sense-making). Enactive approaches are commonly tethered to "E-based" theory, such as the idea that sense-making is a 5E process (Embodied, Embedded, Enacted, Emotive, and Extended). We suggest that enactivism and E-based theory can inform phenomenological research in eclectic and non-prescriptive ways, including integration with existing methods such as observation/interviews and thematic analysis with hybrid deductive-inductive coding. Enactivism-informed phenomenological research moves beyond methodological individualism and can inform novel qualitative research exploring the complex, dynamic, and context-sensitive nature of sense-making. We draw from our enactive study that explored the co-construction of pain-related meanings between clinicians and patients, while also offering other ways that enactive theory could be applied. We provide a sample interview guide and codebook, as well as key components of rigor to consider when designing, conducting, and reporting a trustworthy phenomenological study using enactive theory.