Ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation: progress and challenges
Ecosystem-based approaches to climate change adaptation: progress and challenges
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DOI：
10.1007/s10784-014-9242-9
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发表时间：
2014-02
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Joanne Chong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Joanne Chong
具有复原力的生态系统对人类福祉至关重要，并且越来越多地被认为是支持社区努力适应气候变化的关键。《生物多样性公约》和《联合国气候变化框架公约》的理事机构正在鼓励缔约方采用“基于生态系统的适应”（EbA）方法，利用生物多样性和生态系统服务来支持气候变化适应。这些方法范围广泛，包括恢复红树林以缓冲风暴潮;进行流域管理以抵御干旱和洪水;进行牧场管理以防止荒漠化;以及对渔业和森林进行可持续管理以确保粮食安全。本文探讨了EbA在气候变化和生物多样性的国际法律的框架中的出现以及实施进展。“基于生态的行动”概念具有重要的决定性特征，即注重社会适应而不是生态中心主义，并针对受气候变化不利影响的最贫穷和最脆弱社区的直接适应需求，因此，这一概念在推动国际和国家承诺采取行动方面具有潜在的强大力量。然而，对两个最不发达国家-萨摩亚和柬埔寨-的国家政策和做法的研究表明，国家一级的体制和法律的障碍可能对实施“基于环境的行动”以实现适应目标构成重大挑战。
Resilient ecosystems are vital to human well-being and are increasingly recognised as critical to supporting communities’ efforts to adapt to climate change. The governing bodies of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are encouraging parties to adopt ‘ecosystem-based adaptation’ (EbA) approaches, which utilise biodiversity and ecosystem services to support climate change adaptation. These approaches are wide ranging and include mangrove restoration to buffer against storm surges; watershed management to protect against droughts and floods; rangeland management to prevent desertification; and sustainable management of fisheries and forests to ensure food security. This article examines the emergence of EbA in international legal frameworks for climate change and biodiversity and progress towards implementation. The EbA concept is potentially powerful in catalysing international and national commitments to act due to its key defining features of a focus on societal adaptation rather than ecocentricism, and a targeting of the immediate adaptation needs of the poorest and most vulnerable communities who are adversely affected by climate change. However, examination of national policy and practice in two least developed countries, Samoa and Cambodia, reveals that institutional and legal barriers at national level can pose significant challenges to operationalising EbA to achieve adaptation objectives.