Multimodel simulations of a springtime dust storm over northeastern China: implications of an evaluation of four commonly used air quality models (CMAQ v5.2.1, CAMx v6.50, CHIMERE v2017r4, and WRF-Chem v3.9.1)
Multimodel simulations of a springtime dust storm over northeastern China: implications of an evaluation of four commonly used air quality models (CMAQ v5.2.1, CAMx v6.50, CHIMERE v2017r4, and WRF-Chem v3.9.1)
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中国东北地区春季沙尘暴的多模型模拟：四种常用空气质量模型（CMAQ v5.2.1、CAMx v6.50、CHIMERE v2017r4 和 WRF-Chem v3.9.1）评估的意义
DOI：
10.5194/gmd-12-4603-2019
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发表时间：
2019-11-06
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Dan, Mo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Siqi;Zhang, Xuelei;Dan, Mo
矿物沙尘颗粒在地球系统中扮演着重要角色，对空气质量、气候、人类健康和经济产生多种影响。准确预报沙尘事件对于提供早期预警和为决策过程提供信息是非常必要的。东亚是世界上最大的沙尘源地之一。本研究应用并评估了四种广泛使用的区域空气质量模型来模拟中国东北地区的沙尘暴。在化学耦合的天气研究与预报模型（WRF - Chem，版本3.9.1）中的三种沙尘方案、在CHIMERE（版本2017r4）和CMAQ（版本5.2.1）中的两种方案以及在CAMx（版本6.50）中的一种方案被应用于2015年5月4 - 6日中国东北地区的一次沙尘事件。除了CAMx之外，这些模型中的大多数都能够捕捉到这次沙尘事件，因为CAMx没有覆盖研究区域的沙尘源地图；因此，引入了另一张沙尘源掩膜图来替代默认的沙尘源掩膜图以进行后续模拟。尽管这些模型重现了沙尘羽流的空间格局，但每个模型中预测的和观测到的PM10浓度之间存在较大差异。总体而言，在所有默认配置的模拟中，CHIMERE的表现相对较好。在参数调整之后，使用来自Ginoux等人（2012年）的季节性沙尘源地图并采用美国空军气象局（AFWA）方案的WRF - Chem表现最佳，其次是采用UOC_Shao2004方案的WRF - Chem、CHIMERE和CMAQ。通过替换默认的沙尘图并去除摩擦速度限制，CAMx的性能有了显著提高。本研究表明，应在区域尺度上仔细选择沙尘源地图，或者用根据当地数据构建的新地图来替代。此外，应该对不同土壤类型和位置的风沙侵蚀效率进行进一步的研究和测量，以提高空气质量模型中估算垂直沙尘通量的准确性。
Abstract. Mineral dust particles play an important role in the Earth system,
imposing a variety of effects on air quality, climate, human health, and
economy. Accurate forecasts of dust events are highly desirable to provide
an early warning and inform the decision-making process. East Asia is one of the largest
dust sources in the world. This study applies and evaluates four widely used
regional air quality models to simulate dust storms in northeastern China.
Three dust schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry
(WRF-Chem) (version 3.9.1), two schemes in both CHIMERE (version 2017r4) and CMAQ
(version 5.2.1), and one scheme in CAMx (version 6.50) were applied to a
dust event during 4–6 May 2015 in northeastern
China. Most of these models were able to capture this dust event with the exception of
CAMx, which has no dust source map covering the study area; hence, another
dust source mask map was introduced to replace the default one for the
subsequent simulation. Although these models reproduced the spatial pattern
of the dust plume, there were large discrepancies between predicted and
observed PM10 concentrations in each model. In general, CHIMERE had
relatively better performance among all simulations with default
configurations. After parameter tuning, WRF-Chem with the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) scheme using
a seasonal dust source map from Ginoux et al. (2012) showed the best
performance, followed by WRF-Chem with the UOC_Shao2004 scheme,
CHIMERE, and CMAQ. The performance of CAMx had significantly improved by
substituting the default dust map and removing the friction velocity
limitation. This study suggested that the dust source maps should be
carefully selected on a regional scale or replaced with a new one constructed
with local data. Moreover, further study and measurement of sandblasting
efficiency of different soil types and locations should be conducted to
improve the accuracy of estimated vertical dust fluxes in air quality models.