Regulation of platelet function and thrombosis by omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Regulation of platelet function and thrombosis by omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.005
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Holinstat, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adili, Reheman;Hawley, Megan;Holinstat, Michael
血栓形成是导致心血管疾病（CVD）发病率和死亡率的最常见基础病理。血小板粘附、活化和聚集在止血中发挥核心作用;然而，相同的过程也可能在破裂的动脉粥样硬化病变部位引起血栓形成和血管闭塞，从而导致心脏病发作和中风。ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）是血小板磷脂膜的基本成分，在血小板膜的许多方面起主要作用。膳食补充omega-3和omega-6 PUFA长期以来一直用于减缓CVD的进展和预防急性心血管事件。尽管如此，ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸及其氧化脂质代谢物在血小板功能中的作用仍然存在争议，这是由于我们缺乏对体外控制血小板反应性的机制调节的理解以及体内血栓形成事件的多不饱和脂肪酸调节的大量证据。在这篇综述中，我们将概述血小板生理学在止血中的作用以及omega-3和omega-6 PUFAs对血小板功能的影响，特别强调由于PUFAs及其生物活性脂质在循环中的作用而对止血和血栓形成的体内影响。此外，最近的机制的见解和证据的心脏保护作用的PUFA及其生物活性脂质将进行讨论。
Thrombosis is the most common underlying pathology responsible for morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation play central roles in hemostasis; however, the same process may also cause thrombosis and vessel occlusion at the site of ruptured atherosclerotic lesions leading to heart attack and stroke. omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are an essential component of the platelet phospholipid membrane and play a major role in many aspects of platelet tunchon. Dietary supplementation of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs has long been used to slow the progression of CVD and to prevent acute cardiovascular events. Despite this, the role of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs and their oxylipin metabolites in platelet function remains controversial due to the lack in our understanding of the mechanistic regulation controlling platelet reactivity in vitro and substantial evidence for PUFA regulation of thrombotic events in vivo. In this review, we will outline the role of platelet physiology in hemostasis and the effect of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs on platelet function, with special emphasis on in vivo effects on hemostasis and thrombosis due to the role of PUFAs and their bioactive lipids in circulation. Further, recent mechanistic insights and evidence for cardio-protective effects of PUFAs and their bioactive lipids will be discussed.