GREENBEARDS
GREENBEARDS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00842.x
复制
发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
West, Stuart A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gardner, Andy;West, Stuart A.
绿胡子是可以在其他个体中识别出自己的副本的基因，并导致他们的承载者对这些人的行为依恋。近年来，已经发现了许多例子，并且有人建议绿坚小熊代表了诸如合作之类的社会行为的基本途径之一。然而，尽管它们可能具有理论和经验的重要性，但绿胡子生物学的许多基本方面通常被误解。在这里，我们区分了四种不同类型的绿胡子，它们的进化动力学不同。我们表明，所有四种类型都存在，并且它们在凭经验检测到的易用性方面有所不同。我们阐明了绿核的包容性适应性解释，并表明它们不是基因组分子。最后，我们认为，尽管绿胡子在微生物中可能最常见，最容易发现，但它们在人类等有机体中不太重要。
Greenbeards are genes that can identify the presence of copies of themselves in other individuals, and cause their bearer to behave nepotistically toward those individuals. In recent years, a number of examples have been discovered, and it has been suggested that greenbeards represent one of the fundamental routes to social behaviors such as cooperation. However, despite their possible theoretical and empirical importance, many basic aspects of greenbeard biology are commonly misunderstood. Here, we distinguish between four different types of greenbeard, which differ in their evolutionary dynamics. We show that all four types exist, and that they differ in the ease with which they can be empirically detected. We clarify the inclusive fitness explanation of greenbeards, and show that they are not intragenomic outlaws. Finally, we argue that although greenbeards are likely to be most common and easiest to detect in microorganisms, they are unlikely to important in organisms such as humans.