Demographic characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany
Demographic characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany
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DOI：
10.1183/09031936.00020607
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
24.3
通讯作者：
Rieder, H. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forssbohm, M.;Zwahlen, M.;Rieder, H. L.
本研究的目的是确定德国肺外结核患者的人口统计学资料。对1996-2000年期间进行的一次全国调查中的26 302例肺结核病例的数据进行了分析。肺结核患者中有肺外表现者占21.6%。肺外结核最可能发生在女性、15岁以下儿童和来自非洲和亚洲的人中。女性比男性更容易患任何形式的肺外结核，胸膜结核除外。这种关联的强度在25-64岁年龄范围内最强，在年龄最大的患者中不太明显。儿童特别容易患淋巴结核和脑膜结核，而泌尿生殖系统结核的可能性随着年龄的增长而增加。亚洲和非洲患者一般比其他地区的人更容易患淋巴结核、骨关节结核、脑膜结核和粟粒性结核。分析显示，肺结核患者出现肺外结核的可能性在年龄、性别和来源方面存在重要差异。由于外国出生的人对低发病率国家结核病的相对贡献正在上升，因此在对这些患者进行鉴别诊断检查时必须更频繁地考虑肺外结核，特别是来自亚洲和非洲的患者。
The aim of the present study was to determine the demographics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany. Data on 26,302 tuberculosis cases from a national survey carried out during the period 1996-2000 were analysed. The crude proportion of tuberculosis patients with extrapulmonary manifestations was 21.6%. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis was most likely among females, children aged < 15 yrs and persons originating from Africa and Asia. Females tended to be more likely to have any form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis than males, except pleural tuberculosis. The strength of this association was strongest in the age range 25-64 yrs and less pronounced amongst the oldest patients. Children were particularly prone to the development of lymphatic and meningeal tuberculosis, whereas the likelihood of genitourinary tuberculosis increased with increasing age. Asian and African patients were generally more likely than persons from other areas to have lymphatic, osteoarticular, meningeal and miliary tuberculosis. The analysis shows important differences, by age, sex and origin, in the likelihood of a tuberculosis patient presenting with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Since the relative contribution of the foreign-born to tuberculosis in low-prevalence countries is rising, extrapulmonary tuberculosis must be taken into account more often in the differential diagnostic work-up of these patients, particularly among those originating from Asia and Africa.