International trade law, plain packaging and tobacco industry political activity: the Trans-Pacific Partnership
International trade law, plain packaging and tobacco industry political activity: the Trans-Pacific Partnership
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050869
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Gilmore, Anna B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fooks, Gary;Gilmore, Anna B.
烟草公司越来越多地求助于贸易和投资协议，以挑战旨在减少烟草使用的措施。这项研究考察了它们影响跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(TPP)的努力，TPP是一项重要的贸易和投资协定，最终可能覆盖全球40%的人口；重点关注这些努力如何增强该行业挑战引入普通包装的力量。具体地说，本文讨论了菲利普莫里斯国际公司利用TPP的兴趣对公共卫生监管的影响：在国家一级塑造商业监管的官僚结构和决策程序；引入比目前《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》更高的商标保护标准；以及扩大投资者-国家争端解决的覆盖范围，该争端解决授权企业在被认为违反投资协议的情况下直接向政府提起诉讼。参与TPP的国家众多，突显了TPP对全球烟草监管发展的风险。
Tobacco companies are increasingly turning to trade and investment agreements to challenge measures aimed at reducing tobacco use. This study examines their efforts to influence the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a major trade and investment agreement which may eventually cover 40% of the world's population; focusing on how these efforts might enhance the industry's power to challenge the introduction of plain packaging. Specifically, the paper discusses the implications for public health regulation of Philip Morris International's interest in using the TPP to: shape the bureaucratic structures and decision-making processes of business regulation at the national level; introduce a higher standard of protection for trademarks than is currently provided under the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights; and expand the coverage of Investor-State Dispute Settlement which empowers corporations to litigate directly against governments where they are deemed to be in breach of investment agreements. The large number of countries involved in the TPP underlines its risk to the development of tobacco regulation globally.