Gender differences in relationships between urban green space and health in the United Kingdom
Gender differences in relationships between urban green space and health in the United Kingdom
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.015
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richardson, Elizabeth A.;Mitchell, Richard
自然环境或“绿色空间”与广泛的健康益处有关。一些研究发现，社区对健康的影响存在性别差异，但这些研究尚未就绿色空间进行探讨。我们进行了第一个全英国范围的城市绿地与健康关系的研究，也是第一个调查这种关系中的性别差异的研究。采用了生态方法。在英国人口普查区统计区尺度上，使用两个土地使用数据集来创建比例绿地测量（面积百分比）。2001年，我们的样本包括6432个城市病房，总人口为2860万，年龄在16-64岁之间。我们选择了与绿地合理相关的健康结果（心血管疾病死亡率、呼吸系统疾病死亡率和自我报告的限制性长期疾病）和另一个预期无关的健康结果（肺癌死亡率）。在控制了相关混杂因素后，负二项回归模型检验了城市绿地与这些健康结果之间的关系。观察并测试了这些关联的性别差异。男性心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病的死亡率随着绿地面积的增加而下降，但女性没有发现明显的关联。在男性或女性中，没有观察到绿地与肺癌死亡率或自我报告的限制性长期疾病之间的保护性联系。对于所观察到的绿地与健康关系中的性别差异，可能的解释是在城市绿地的认知和使用方面的性别差异。我们的结论是，重要的是不要假设城市绿地对所有人口亚群都有统一的健康效益。此外，兼顾质量和数量的城市绿地措施可能更适合研究女性的绿地与健康关系。(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Natural environments, or 'green spaces', have been associated with a wide range of health benefits. Gender differences in neighbourhood effects on health have been found in a number of studies, although these have not been explored in relation to green space. We conducted the first UK-wide study of the relationship between urban green space and health, and the first such study to investigate gender differences in this relationship. An ecological approach was used. Two land use datasets were used to create a proportional green space measure (% by area) at the UK Census Area Statistic ward scale. Our sample consisted of 6432 urban wards, with a total population of 28.6 million adults aged 16-64 years in 2001. We selected health outcomes that were plausibly related to green space (cardiovascular disease mortality, respiratory disease mortality and self-reported limiting long-term illness) and another that was expected to be unrelated (lung cancer mortality). Negative binomial regression models examined associations between urban green space and these health outcomes, after controlling for relevant confounders. Gender differences in these associations were observed and tested. Male cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease mortality rates decreased with increasing green space, but no significant associations were found for women. No protective associations were observed between green space and lung cancer mortality or self-reported limiting long-term illness for either men or women. Possible explanations for the observed gender differences in the green space and health relationship are gender differences in perceptions and usage of urban green spaces. We conclude that it is important not to assume uniform health benefits of urban green space for all population subgroups. Additionally, urban green space measures that capture quality as well as quantity could be more suited to studying green space and health relationships for women. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.