Studies of subsoil pollution in relation to possible contamination of the ground water from human excreta deposited a in experimental latrines
Studies of subsoil pollution in relation to possible contamination of the ground water from human excreta deposited a in experimental latrines
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/62.3.272
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发表时间：
1938-01-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Caldwell, EL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caldwell, EL
人类沉积在饱和带上方的底土的污染方式和程度具有重要的实际意义，即污染可能通过UNC土壤，尤其是通过岩层进入径流。从我们的研究中可以清楚地看出，在任何特定的情况下，都可以预测肠道细菌通过地下水渗入固结土壤的一般过程和大致情况。通过岩层？由于沿层理面的裂缝和接缝，或由于溶蚀通道可能在石灰岩地区的比例-？可能携带不同大小和复杂程度的粪便污染，其过程无法阅读，终止或无法追踪。作为水传播疾病的证明文献，很明显，危险的污染可能会在稀释的影响和影响肠道微生物死亡率的原素可能使无害化之前相当长的距离。在这些研究中，我们将介绍在接近正常的家庭使用条件下沉积在位于地下水位以上的松散土壤中的实验厕所中的人类排泄物污染的调查结果。这些调查主要是在我们对直接排放到地下水中的人类排泄物造成的污染的最后6个月(1933年5月至11月)进行的广泛调查中进行的，尽管范围有限，但它们为农村和农村社区的卫生工作者要求提供进一步信息的问题的有限的实验数据增加了具体和明确的发现。
The manner and degree of pollution of the subsoil from human deposited above the zone of saturation assumes practical importanc of the possibility of contamination reaching flow both through unc soils and more particularly through rock formation. From our pre vestigations1 it is clear that the general course and approximat of penetration of intestinal bacteria with the ground water flow th consolidated soils may be prognosticated in any particular instance. through rock formation? because of crevices due to fractures and f seams along bedding planes, or to solution channels which may rea proportions in limestone regions-? may carry fecal pollution along of varying size and complexity, the course of which cannot read termined or is impossible to trace. It is here obvious, as atteste literature of waterborne diseases, that dangerous pollution may considerable distances before the influence of dilution and the agen fecting the death rate of intestinal organisms may render the con innocuous.In these studies we shall present the results of investigations of pollution from human excreta deposited under approximately normal conditions of family use in experimental latrines located in unconsolidated soils above the water table. These investigations, undertaken in the main during the last 6 months (May-November, 1933) of our extensive inquiry into pollution from human excreta deposited directly into ground water, though limited in scope, add specific and clearcut findings to the scant body of experimental data on a problem upon which sanitarians in rural and village communities are demanding further information.