Fog composition along the Yangtze River basin: Detecting emission sources of pollutants in fog water.
Fog composition along the Yangtze River basin: Detecting emission sources of pollutants in fog water.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.018
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Xianmang Xu;Jianmin Chen;Chao Zhu;Jiarong Li;X. Sui;Lu Liu;Jianfeng Sun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xianmang Xu;Jianmin Chen;Chao Zhu;Jiarong Li;X. Sui;Lu Liu;Jianfeng Sun
为研究长江流域雾的化学性质，于2015年11月在上海至武汉进行了野外观测试验。利用Caltech活性链云水收集器（CASCC）采集了15份雾水样。三级CASCC安装在一艘船的甲板上。测定了PH、电导率（EC）、H2O2、HCHO、S（IV）、10种无机离子、7种有机酸和16种微量金属元素。雾水样pH值范围为弱酸性（pH 4.3） ~弱碱性（pH 7.05）， EC值范围为32.4 ~ 436.3 μS/cm。雾水中的主要阳离子为NH4+和Ca2 +，分别占无机离子的12.35%和29.07%。此外，SO42−和NO3−对总阴离子浓度的贡献分别为25.52%和12.93%。有机酸以甲酸和草酸为主，分别占总有机酸的45.28%和28.03%。雾样中微量金属元素，Al、Fe、Zn和Ba对这16种微量元素的贡献分别为34.6%、16.4%、19.3%和20.9%。结果表明，污染主要来自人类活动，包括化石燃料燃烧、生物质燃烧、炼钢、采石和采砂。此外，自然背景水平和海盐颗粒的远距离输送等自然来源也加重了长江沿岸雾霾事件的污染程度。
To investigate the fog chemistry along the Yangtze River basin, a field observation experiment was performed from Shanghai to Wuhan during November 2015. Fifteen fog water samples were collected by using a three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloud water Collector (CASCC). The three-stage CASCC was mounted on the board of a ship. PH, electrical conductivity (EC), H2O2, HCHO, S(IV), ten inorganic ions, seven organicacids and sixteen trace metal elements were measured in this study. The pH of fog water samples ranged from weakly acidic (pH 4.3) to weakly alkaline (pH 7.05) and the EC ranged from 32.4 to 436.3 μS/cm. The main cations in fog water were NH4+and Ca2 +, accounting for 12.35% and 29.07% of those inorganic ions, respectively. In addition, SO42 −and NO3−contributed to 25.52% and 12.93% to total anion concentrations respectively. Moreover, the dominant kinds of organicacids were formate and oxalate, occupying 45.28% and 28.03% of the total organicacids, respectively. For trace metal elements in fog samples, Al, Fe, Zn, and Ba revealed 34.6%, 16.4%, 19.3%, and 20.9% contributions to these sixteen trace element concentrations, respectively. The results indicated that pollutants were mainly from human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, steel-making, stone quarrying and sand digging. Besides, natural sources including natural background levels and long-range transport of sea salt particles also aggravated the pollution levels in the fog events along the Yangtze River.