Agricultural development in Eastern Inner Mongolia and its climatic background during 1644-1911
Agricultural development in Eastern Inner Mongolia and its climatic background during 1644-1911
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作者：
Ye Yu
本文在历史文献和行政史研究的基础上，选取一组替代指标来描述清代(1644-1911年)内蒙古东部农业发展的时空格局，并与同期当地农业气候资源(温度、降水)和历史气候变化(温度)进行比较，结果表明：(1)1644-1911年内蒙古东部农业发展主要集中在年积温(≥10℃)≥2500℃)和年降水量≥400 mm的区域；(2)气候条件较好的地区开垦较早，农业聚落密度高于气候条件较差的地区。(3)承德及其周边气候条件最好的地区是粮食丰收和粮食主产区的大部分地区。(4)18世纪较暖的时期农业发展比17世纪和19世纪较冷的时期更繁荣，农业移民较为活跃，北方农业聚落向牧区转移，几乎所有关于丰收的记录都是粮食产量。
In this paper,based on historical document and research of administrative history,a group of proxy indexes are selected to describe the spatio-temporal pattern of agricultural development in the Eastern Inner Mongolia(EIM) during the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911).In comparison of these reconstructed proxy series with local agro-climatic resources(temperature and precipitation) and historical climate change(temperature) in the corresponding period,some results are obtained as follows.(1) Agricultural development in the EIM during 1644-1911 was mostly concentrated in the area with annual accumulated temperature(≥10℃) ≥2500℃ and annual precipitation ≥400 mm;(2) Regions with better climate conditions were reclaimed earlier with a higher density of agricultural settlements compared with poorer ones.(3) Most of the sites that had bumper harvest and the main output regions in grain production were distributed in Chengde and its surrounding areas with the best climate condition in the EIM.(4) Agriculture developed more prosperously in warmer 18th century than in colder 17th and 19th centuries,with more active agricultural migration,northerner agricultural settlements into pastoral region,and almost all the records about bumper harvest grained output.