Indigenous Rights and the Politics of Identity in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa
Indigenous Rights and the Politics of Identity in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa
复制标题
后种族隔离时期南部非洲的原住民权利和身份政治
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Richard B. Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Richard B. Lee
土著权利和后种族隔离时期的用语在南部非洲的情况下提出了一些问题。权利方面的情况很简单：我们知道南非在维护这些权利方面严重不足（至少在1994年之前）;但土著权利呢？在南非的语境中，土著究竟意味着什么？既然法律已经不复存在，但种族隔离制度所造成的结构性暴力仍然影响着数百万人的生活，我们又该如何粉饰南非的后种族隔离呢？为了开始解开这些难题，我将开始从这样一个前提开始，即今天在南非及其前卫星国的许多层面上存在着复杂的斗争地形。当然，主要的矛盾是非洲人民在欧洲殖民主义者统治下反对剥夺、种族主义、压迫和不发达的三百年斗争。但在这幅广阔的画布上，编织着地方团体在特定历史环境下进行的许多较小斗争的线索。其中最有趣的是科伊桑人的历史和身份问题：科伊人和桑人自己以及殖民地和现代南非的其他人是如何构建这些历史和身份的，以及南非现任政府和新兴的公民社会是如何寻找新的方法来解决一个非常古老的问题。所以这是一个故事，实际上是几个故事关于种族隔离时代的身份政治以及后种族隔离时期的身份重建和力量重组。
The terms indigenous rights and post-apartheid raise a number of questions in the context of southern Africa. The situation with rights is straightforward enough: we know that South Africa has been grossly deficient in upholding those (at least until 1994); but what about indigenous rights? What exactly does indigenous mean in the South African context? And how do we gloss post-Apartheid in South Africa, since the laws are no longer on the books but the structural violence instituted by apartheid still affects the lives of millions of people? To start untangling the conundrums, I will begin from the premise that a complex terrain of struggle exists today at many levels in South Africa and its former satellites. The primary contradiction is, of course, the three-hundred-year struggle of African peoples against expropriation, racism, oppression, and underdevelopment under the European colonialists. But within that broad canvas are woven the strands of many smaller struggles by local groupings in specific historical circumstances. One of the most interesting of these strands is the issue of Khoisan history and identity: how these have been constructed by Khoi and San themselves and by others in colonial and modern South Africa, and how the present government and emerging civil society of South Africa is searching for new approaches to a very old issue. So this is a storyactually, several stories-about the politics of identity in the era of apartheid and about the reconstruction of identities and the realignment of forces in the post-apartheid period.