Trace Deletion, Θ-Roles, and Cognitive Strategies
Trace Deletion, Θ-Roles, and Cognitive Strategies
复制标题
痕迹删除、θ 角色和认知策略
作者：
Y. Grodzinsky
本文报道了语法缺失患者的一个显著差异：他们的理解缺陷不仅区分了不同的句法结构，还区分了不同主位结构的动词。因此，各种句子类型与不同的动词类型的耦合产生了令人惊讶的表现模式，再次表明这些患者所遭受的缺陷是高度选择性的语法观点。这种选择性模式对语言学理论有着重要的意义，因为它描述了一种错误模式，而这种错误模式只能由一种假设有一个（正常）词汇的理论来解释，该词汇对主题标签进行编码，并指的是一个主题层次。此外，研究结果认为，作为语法理解的结构性解释的一部分（痕迹删除假说）的认知策略（第一NP =代理）的必要性。结果表明，相反，最近的一些索赔，帐户缺乏这样的战略不能正确地得出agramatic性能模式。新的数据，从一个实验中，使用的变位词任务，测试语法理解的主动和被动的句子包含三种不同的主题类型的动词。动词的外部论元是施事者、工具者或体验者。研究结果是，在所有主动句，性能以上的机会，而被动，性能分裂：与代理或仪器外部参数的动词，性能是偶然的，证实了以前的研究结果。然而，在体验者动词上，表现低于偶然。这些数据决定性地论证了最初提出的TDH，即假设跟踪删除的帐户，加上一个策略。这些结果的影响，大脑/语言关系的理论进行了讨论，在词汇表征的理论。
This paper reports a rather striking distinction found in the performance of agrammatic patients: Their comprehension deficit distinguishes not only different syntactic constructions, but also verbs with different thematic structure. Thus, the coupling of a variety of sentence types with different verb types yields surprising performance patterns, demonstrating once again that the deficit these patients suffer from is highly selective from a grammatical viewpoint. This pattern of selectivity has important implications for linguistic theory, for it describes an error pattern that can be accounted for only by a theory that assumes a (normal) lexicon that encodes thematic labels and refers to a thematic hierarchy. In addition, the results argue for the necessity of a cognitive strategy (first NP = Agent) as part of the structural account of agrammatic comprehension (the Trace-Deletion Hypothesis). It is shown that, contrary to some recent claims, an account lacking such a strategy cannot derive agrammatic performance patterns properly. New data are presented, from an experiment that used an anagram task to test agrammatic comprehension of active and passive sentences containing verbs of three different thematic types. Verbs varied in that their external argument was Agent, Instrument, or Experiencer. The finding was that on all active sentences, performance was above chance, whereas on the passives, performance split: on verbs with Agent or Instrument external arguments, performance was at chance, corroborating previous findings. On Experiencer verbs, though, performance was below chance. These data argue decisively for the TDH as originally presented, namely, for an account that assumes trace deletion, coupled with a strategy. The implications of these results to the theory of brain/language relations are discussed, in the context of the theory of lexical representation.