Neighborhood racial-composition preferences: Evidence from a multiethnic metropolis
Neighborhood racial-composition preferences: Evidence from a multiethnic metropolis
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DOI：
10.1525/sp.2000.47.3.03x0297k
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Charles, CZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charles, CZ
美国的主要城市中心正变得越来越多种族。尽管种族和民族多样性有所增加，但极端的黑人和白人居住隔离仍然是常见的模式。洛杉矶是世界上种族、民族和文化最多样化的城市之一，也是居住隔离最严重的城市之一，它代表了美国城市不断变化的面貌。一个多种族的成年人样本（N = 4025）被用来检验社区种族构成偏好——一个重要的、个人层面的对居住隔离的解释——并解决现有研究中的三个缺点。首先，我对1976年和1992年底特律地区研究中使用的法利-舒曼展示卡方法进行了创新的复制和扩展，以多种族的方式评估构图偏好。其次，我将对偏好原因的分析扩展到种族刻板印象之外，包括养育子女、房屋所有权、对社会阶级差异的看法和共同命运的认同。第三，我直接测试了这些因素对同种族邻居偏好的影响。研究结果有力地支持了基于种族的偏好解释。当对外部群体的刻板印象变得更加消极时，整合偏好就会降低；黑人一直被认为是不利的，而且是双方自愿的。最不和谐的外群体邻居。对所谓的阶级偏好解释的支持也很有限，房主喜欢更少的黑人邻居。总的来说，结果表明，与黑人融合的阻力比之前想象的更大，但对融合的态度比目前存在的更开放。
America's major urban centers are becoming increasingly multiethnic. Despite this increase in racial and ethnic diversity, extreme Black-White residential segregation remains the common pattern. Re one of the most racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse cities in the world-and one of the most residentially segregated-Los Angeles represents the changing face of urban America. A multiracial sample of adults (N = 4025) is employed to examine neighborhood racial composition preferences-an important, individual-level explanation for residential segregation-and address three shortcomings in existing research. First, I assess composition preferences in a multiracial manner with an innovative replication and expansion of the Farley-Schuman showcard methodology used in the 1976 and 1992 Detroit Area studies. Second I extend analysis of the cause of preferences beyond racial stereotypes to include parenting, homeownership, perceptions of social class difference, and common fate identify. Third, I test, directly, the effects of these factors on preferences for same-race neighbors. Results lend strong support to race-based explanations of preferences. As stereotypes toward out-groups become more negative, preferences for integration decrease; Blacks are consistently perceived in unfavorable terms, and are, consensually. the least pre Jarred out-group neighbors. There is also limited support for so-called class-based explanations of preferences, homeowners prefer fewer Black neighbors. Generally results suggest both greater resistance to integration with Blacks than previously thought, bur more openness to integration than currently exists.