Environmental impact assessment of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami on the Sendai Plain
Environmental impact assessment of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami on the Sendai Plain
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DOI：
10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.06.002
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发表时间：
2012-12-30
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Goff, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chague-Goff, Catherine;Niedzielski, Przemyslaw;Goff, James
日本仙台平原的大片农田被2011年3月11日的东北海啸淹没，被一层30-0.2厘米厚的不连续沉积层覆盖，沉积层由沙子和/或泥浆组成，内陆普遍变薄和变细。海啸发生两个月后，许多稻田和洼地仍然充斥着微咸或咸水。2011年5月、8月和10月在仙台机场以北进行了一系列实地调查，以评估海啸对环境的影响。虽然蒸发导致5月份池塘水的电导率升高（高达68.2 mS cm(-1)），但接下来五个月的降雨导致了稀释，尽管洼地和稻田中仍有微咸水的记录。在长达5公里的内陆样带沿线和附近的43个地点收集了海啸沉积物、下伏土壤和海啸淹没极限以外的土壤，并分析了粒度、有机含量、水浸出离子、酸浸出金属和可交换类金属。在海啸后海水停滞较长时间的沙质和泥泞的海啸沉积物和土壤中，特别是在海水停滞较长时间的地区，水可浸出的阴离子和阳离子浓度升高，在表层沉积物中测量到高达10.5%的Cl， 6.6%的Na， 2.8%的SO4, 440 mg kg(-1) Br (
Large areas of farmland in the Sendai Plain, Japan, were inundated by the 11 March 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami and covered by a discontinuous 30-0.2 cm thick sediment layer consisting of sand and/or mud and generally thinning and fining inland. Two months after the tsunami, numerous rice paddy fields and depressions remained ponded with brackish or saline water. A series of field surveys in May, August and October 2011 were carried out north of Sendai airport, in order to assess the environmental impact of the tsunami. While evaporation had resulted in elevated conductivity in ponded water in May (up to 68.2 mS cm(-1)), rainfall over the next five months led to dilution, although brackish water was still recorded in depressions and on paddy fields. Tsunami sediments, underlying soil and soil beyond the tsunami inundation limit were collected at 43 sites along and near a transect extending over 5 km inland, and analysed for grain size, organic content, water leachable ions, acid leachable metals and exchangeable metalloids. Water leachable anion and cation concentrations were elevated in sandy and muddy tsunami deposits and soils particularly in areas, where seawater had stagnated for a longer period of time after the tsunami, with up to 10.5% Cl, 6.6% Na, 2.8% SO4, 440 mg kg(-1) Br measured in surface sediments (