Older bilinguals reverse language dominance less than younger bilinguals: Evidence for the inhibitory deficit hypothesis.
Older bilinguals reverse language dominance less than younger bilinguals: Evidence for the inhibitory deficit hypothesis.
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DOI：
10.1037/pag0000618
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gollan TH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stasenko A;Kleinman D;Gollan TH
抑制控制被认为在双语者如何转换语言和延缓衰老方面发挥着关键作用。我们通过检查反向语言优势效应中的年龄组差异来测试这些假设，逆向语言优势效应是主导语言抑制的标志，导致双语者在混合语言测试块中以主导语言比非主导语言更慢地命名图片。 25 名年龄较大和 48 名年轻的西班牙语-英语双语者完成了提示性语言转换任务。为了测试是否在整个语言或词汇层面应用抑制，我们首先重复呈现一组图片，然后在实验中途引入第二个列表。年轻的双语者表现出比年长的双语者（表现出不显着的语言优势效应）显着更大的反向语言优势效应。在年轻的双语者中，优势逆转转移到第二个列表，并且在第二个列表中甚至更大（与第一个列表相比）。后一个结果可能表明，抑制被重复以尚未完全理解的方式部分抵消。更一般地说，这些结果支持这样的假设：衰老会损害对主导语言的抑制控制，而年轻的双语者依赖这种控制来转换语言。此外，抑制主要应用于整个语言水平，推测这种形式的语言控制可能类似于非语言主动控制。
Inhibitory control is thought to play a key role in how bilinguals switch languages and to decline in aging. We tested these hypotheses by examining age group differences in the reversed language dominance effect—a signature of inhibition of the dominant language that leads bilinguals to name pictures more slowly in the dominant than the nondominant language in mixed-language testing blocks. Twenty-five older and 48 younger Spanish-English bilinguals completed a cued language switching task. To test if inhibition is applied at the whole-language or lexical level, we first presented one set of pictures repeatedly, then introduced a second list halfway through the experiment. Younger bilinguals exhibited significantly greater reversed language dominance effects than older bilinguals (who exhibited nonsignificant language dominance effects). In younger bilinguals, dominance reversal transferred to, and was even larger in, the second list (compared to the first). The latter result may suggest that inhibition is partially offset by repetition in ways that are not yet fully understood. More generally, these results support the hypotheses that aging impairs inhibitory control of the dominant language, which young bilinguals rely on to switch languages. Additionally, inhibition is applied primarily at the whole-language level, and speculatively, this form of language control may be analogous to nonlinguistic proactive control.
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影响因子：
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