Gold Nanoparticles of Diameter 13 nm Induce Apoptosis in Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes.
Gold Nanoparticles of Diameter 13 nm Induce Apoptosis in Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes.
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直径13 nm金纳米粒子诱导兔关节软骨细胞凋亡
DOI：
10.1186/s11671-016-1461-2
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chen TS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang H;Quan YY;Wang XP;Chen TS
金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）已广泛应用于生物医学领域，包括抗关节炎、药物装载和光热治疗。在本报告中，我们研究了直径分别为3、13和45 nm的AuNPs对兔关节软骨细胞的影响。用柠檬酸覆盖AuNPs，用动态光散射（DLS）测定其直径和zeta电位。兔关节软骨细胞分别与3、13和45 nm的AuNPs预孵育24 h后，采用细胞计数试剂盒-8 （CCK-8）法评估细胞活力。采用膜联蛋白V/碘化丙啶（PI）双染色的流式细胞术（FCM）分析和Hoechst 33258染色的荧光成像来确定AuNPs诱导软骨细胞死亡的方式。此外，13 nm的AuNPs （2 nm）显著诱导软骨细胞死亡，并伴有线粒体损伤、磷脂酰丝氨酸外化和细胞核浓度等凋亡特征。然而，3 nm （2 nm）和45 nm （0.02 nm）的AuNPs没有诱导软骨细胞的细胞毒性。虽然13 nm的AuNPs （2 nm）增加了细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平，但用活性氧清除剂Nacetyl半胱氨酸（NAC）预处理并不能阻止13 nm的AuNPs诱导的细胞毒性，这表明13 nm的AuNPs （2 nm）诱导了软骨细胞不依赖ROS的凋亡。这些结果证明了AuNPs在软骨细胞中的大小依赖性细胞毒性，在使用AuNPs治疗骨关节炎（OA）时必须认真考虑这一点。
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in biomedical science including antiarthritic agents, drug loading, and photothermal therapy. In this report, we studied the effects of AuNPs with diameters of 3, 13, and 45 nm, respectively, on rabbit articular chondrocytes. AuNPs were capped with citrate and their diameter and zeta potential were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cell viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after the rabbit articular chondrocytes were pre-incubated with 3, 13, and 45 nm AuNPs, respectively, for 24 h. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis with annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and fluorescence imaging with Hoechst 33258 staining were used to determine the fashion of AuNPs-induced chondrocyte death. Further, 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) significantly induced chondrocyte death accompanying apoptotic characteristics including mitochondrial damage, externalization of phosphatidylserine and nuclear concentration. However, 3 nm AuNPs (2 nM) and 45 nm (0.02 nM) AuNPs did not induce cytotoxicity in chondrocytes. Although 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, pretreatment with Nacetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, did not prevent the cytotoxicity induced by 13 nm AuNPs, indicating that 13 nm AuNPs (2 nM) induced ROS-independent apoptosis in chondrocytes. These results demonstrate the size-dependent cytotoxicity of AuNPs in chondrocytes, which must be seriously considered when using AuNPs for treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).