Central-Complex Control of Movement in the Freely Walking Cockroach
Central-Complex Control of Movement in the Freely Walking Cockroach
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.044
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发表时间：
2015-11-02
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Ritzmann, Roy E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, Joshua P.;Guo, Peiyuan;Ritzmann, Roy E.
为了在世界上导航，动物的大脑必须发出移动、改变方向和穿越障碍物的命令。在昆虫的大脑中，中央复合体整合了多种形式的感觉信息，并在觅食、爬过障碍和导航到记忆的位置等行为中指导运动。这些角色表明，中央复合体影响运动命令，在当前环境中指导适当的运动。这样的命令最终由肢体执行，因此必须与图案生成器和协调它们的反射电路交互。最近的研究描述了中央复合体的神经元如何编码感觉信息：神经元细分动物周围的空间，编码导航中使用的刺激的方向或方向。是否存在类似的中枢-复杂代码来指导运动？如果存在，它如何影响肢体控制的变化？从自由行走蟑螂(Blaberus Discoidalis)的中央复合体神经元的记录中，我们识别了运动预测细胞的类别，这些细胞对慢行或快进、左转或右转或前进和转弯速度的组合具有选择性。通过记录电线的刺激，在这些动物中产生了一致的向前行走或转身的轨迹，而那些引发转弯的轨迹也将关节间的反射改变为类似于自发转弯的模式。当动物过渡到爬过障碍物时，在这种新环境中运动的编码对一部分细胞的编码发生了变化。这些结果表明，中央复合体的运动编码通过针对肢体反射回路的分布式、灵活的编码参与了运动控制。
To navigate in the world, an animal's brain must produce commands to move, change direction, and negotiate obstacles. In the insect brain, the central complex integrates multiple forms of sensory information and guides locomotion during behaviors such as foraging, climbing over barriers, and navigating to memorized locations. These roles suggest that the central complex influences motor commands, directing the appropriate movement within the current context. Such commands are ultimately carried out by the limbs and must therefore interact with pattern generators and reflex circuits that coordinate them. Recent studies have described how neurons of the central complex encode sensory information: neurons subdivide the space around the animal, encoding the direction or orientation of stimuli used in navigation. Does a similar central-complex code directing movement exist, and if so, how does it effect changes in the control of limbs? Recording from central-complex neurons in freely walking cockroaches (Blaberus discoidalis), we identified classes of movement-predictive cells selective for slow or fast forward walking, left or right turns, or combinations of forward and turning speeds. Stimulation through recording wires produced consistent trajectories of forward walking or turning in these animals, and those that elicited turns also altered an inter-joint reflex to a pattern resembling spontaneous turning. When an animal transitioned to climbing over an obstacle, the encoding of movement in this new context changed for a subset of cells. These results indicate that encoding of movement in the central complex participates in motor control by a distributed, flexible code targeting limb reflex circuits.