THE EMERGENCE OF INFECTION SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL PROGRAMS IN US HOSPITALS - AN ASSESSMENT, 1976
THE EMERGENCE OF INFECTION SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL PROGRAMS IN US HOSPITALS - AN ASSESSMENT, 1976
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112935
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
SHACHTMAN, RH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HALEY, RW;SHACHTMAN, RH
为了评估全国范围内医院感染监测和控制计划（ISCP）的现状，并为选择SENIC项目（医院感染控制效率研究）后期阶段的医院提供一个抽样框架，1976年3月向几乎所有的美国医院邮寄了一份筛选问卷; SENIC目标范围内86%的医院做出了回应。其中，64%（2299例）报告其ISCP由对感染控制特别感兴趣的医生或微生物学家监督，42%有感染控制护士（ICN）或至少一半时间工作的同等人员。与监督员相比，大多数ICN接受过医院感染流行病学的专门培训，并将大部分时间用于监测。几乎所有的医院（87%）都实施了某种形式的感染监测，其中一半报告了非常积极的项目。拥有ISCP人员的大医院倾向于使用主动临床病例发现方法;小医院倾向于使用被动技术。大多数医院（76%）定期收集相对大量的环境培养物;越来越多的医院（约40%）定期收集环境培养物。25%的人减少或停止了这种做法。常规培养更常在采用被动监测方法的医院进行。虽然采用的选定感染控制政策和做法差别很大，但按时间顺序排列的数据表明，自1970年以来出现了一场重大的感染控制运动。
To assess the current state of hospital infection surveillance and control programs (ISCP) nationwide and to provide a sampling frame for selecting hospitals for later phases of the SENIC Project (Study on the Efficiency of Nosocomial Infection Control), a screening questionnaire was mailed in March, 1976, to virtually all USA hospitals; 86% of those in the SENIC target universe responded. Of these, 64% (2299) reported that their ISCP were being supervised by a physician or a microbiologist with special interest in infection control and 42% had an infection control nurse (ICN) or equivalent working at least half time. In contrast to the supervisors, most ICN received special training in hospital infection epidemiology and spent most of their time doing surveillance. Almost all hospitals (87%) practiced some form of infection surveillance, with half reporting very active programs. Larger hospitals with ISCP staff tended to use active clinical casefinding methods; smaller hospitals tended to use passive techniques. Most hospitals (76%) were collecting relatively large numbers of environmental cultures routinely; a growing number (.apprx. 25%) reduced or discontinued this practice. Routine culturing was more often performed in hospitals employing passive surveillance methods. Although the adoption of selected infection control policies and practices varied widely, chronological data indicates that a major infection control movement has emerged since 1970.