Determinants of wind and solar energy system adoption by U.S. farms: A multilevel modeling approach
Determinants of wind and solar energy system adoption by U.S. farms: A multilevel modeling approach
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enpol.2014.02.014
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
A. Borchers;I. Xiarchos;Jayson Beckman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Borchers;I. Xiarchos;Jayson Beckman
本文首次对美国农业采用风能和太阳能发电的决定因素进行了全国性审查。列入国家政策和特点的多层次建模方法区分本研究从过去的研究利用logit模型的技术采用只专注于农场经营的特点。结果表明，采用的倾向是较高的畜牧业经营，较大的农场，经营者与互联网接入，有机经营，和新的农民。结果发现，太阳能资源、人均收入水平和民主投票占主导地位等州的特征增加了农业采用的几率。这项研究表明，国家政策变量在解释农场层面的结果的相关性是有限的，虽然在组合的最佳实践净计量和互连政策，旨在鼓励发展小规模分布式应用的政策显示，增加农场太阳能和风能采用的可能性。电力合作社的流行，这往往是不受国家可再生能源政策，往往服务农场是负相关的倾向，采用，并建议政策设计可能是一个因素。
This article offers the first national examination of the determinants of adoption of wind and solar energy generation on U.S. farming operations. The inclusion of state policies and characteristics in a multilevel modeling approach distinguishes this study from past research utilizing logit models of technology adoption which focus only on the characteristics of the farm operation. Results suggest the propensity to adopt is higher for livestock operations, larger farms, operators with internet access, organic operations, and newer farmers. The results find state characteristics such as solar resources, per capita income levels, and predominantly democratic voting increasing the odds of farm adoption. This research suggests the relevance of state policy variables in explaining farm level outcomes is limited, although in combination best practice net metering and interconnection policies—policies designed to encourage the development of small scale distributed applications—are shown to increase the likelihood of farm solar and wind adoption. The prevalence of electric cooperatives—which are often not subject to state renewable energy policies and often service farms—is negatively related with the propensity to adopt and suggests that policy design may be a factor.