Combined Addition of Bovine Bone and Cow Manure: Rapid Composting of Chestnut Burrs and Production of a High-quality Chestnut Seedling Substrate
Combined Addition of Bovine Bone and Cow Manure: Rapid Composting of Chestnut Burrs and Production of a High-quality Chestnut Seedling Substrate
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DOI：
10.3390/agronomy10020288
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Wang Chen;Libing He;Shiyi Tian;J. Masabni;Riqing Zhang;F. Zou;D. Yuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang Chen;Libing He;Shiyi Tian;J. Masabni;Riqing Zhang;F. Zou;D. Yuan
板栗是我国板栗生产的主要副产品，年产量达100万吨。板栗林绿色废弃物是板栗苗木可持续栽培的重要基质。在这项研究中，我们堆肥CB与两个废物的牛养殖，即牛粪（CM）和牛骨（BM）。我们还评估了CB堆肥应用于板栗林可持续性的潜力。结果表明，最佳组合为15%BM +55%CM。该组合显著改善了堆肥环境，提高了pH值，提高了磷浓度，增加了Ca、Na、Mg、Zn等矿质元素，缩短了堆肥周期至38 d。堆肥中柠檬酸-P含量最高（是对照的109.20倍），NH_4 ~+-N含量最低（是对照的0.28倍），说明堆肥产品具有较好的氮磷结构。这种组合实现了CB纤维素（61.45%）和半纤维素（37.87%）的更大降解率，以及更显著的外表皮结构降解。以CB堆肥为基质，板栗幼苗的光合胁迫明显减轻，主要表现为光化学猝灭（qP）降低，暗适应下PSII光化学最大效率（Fv/Fm）提高。建议添加10%的CB堆肥（以体积为基础），这导致最高的板栗幼苗（59.83厘米），茎直径为0.91厘米，经过6个月的生长。综上所述，本研究为板栗果园的可持续发展提供了一种环境友好的策略：快速堆肥的CB，然后立即应用作为高品质的板栗幼苗基质。
In China, chestnut burrs (CB) are produced at a rate of a million tons per year as the major byproduct of chestnut orchards. It is necessary to utilize the chestnut forest green waste and convert it into a valuable seedling media for the sustainable cultivation of chestnut seedlings. In this study, we composted CB with two waste products of cattle farming, namely cow manure (CM) and bovine bone (BM). We also evaluated the potential of CB compost application in chestnut forest sustainability. Results indicated that the best combination was the addition of 15% BM and 55% CM. This combination significantly improved the composting environment by increasing pH, enhancing phosphorus concentration and mineral elements such as Ca, Na, Mg and Zn, and shortened the composting period to 38 days. This combination also resulted in the highest content of citric acid-P (109.20 times than the control treatment) and the lowest content of NH4+–N (0.28 times than control treatment) indicating a better N and P structure of the final compost product. This combination achieved a greater degradation rate of CB cellulose (61.45%), hemicellulose (37.87%), and a more significant degradation of outer epidermis structure. When CB compost was used as a growing media, a significant decrease in photosynthesis stress of chestnut seedlings was observed, which was mainly manifested as a decrease in photochemical quenching (qP) and an increase of the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark-adaption (Fv/Fm). Addition of 10% CB compost (in volume basis) is suggested, which resulted in the tallest chestnut seedlings (59.83 cm) with a stem diameter of 0.91 cm after six months of growth. In summary, this research provides an environmentally friendly strategy for chestnut orchard sustainability: rapid composting of CB, then immediate application as a high-quality substrate for chestnut seedlings.