U-Verse: a miniaturized platform for end-to-end closed-loop implantable internet of medical things systems
U-Verse: a miniaturized platform for end-to-end closed-loop implantable internet of medical things systems
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DOI：
10.1145/3356250.3360026
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发表时间：
2019-11
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Raffaele Guida;Neil Dave;Francesco Restuccia;Emrecan Demirors;T. Melodia
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作者：
Raffaele Guida;Neil Dave;Francesco Restuccia;Emrecan Demirors;T. Melodia
植入式医疗物联网（IIoMT）带来的实时检测和响应危及生命的疾病的前景，最近推动了植入式技术的实质性进展。然而，现有设备不能立即提供小型化的端到端感知-计算-通信-充电功能来实现IIoMT应用程序。本文通过介绍U-Verse填补了现有的研究空白，U-Verse是第一个符合fda标准的可充电IIoMT平台，将传感、计算、通信和充电电路集成到一个小型平台中。U-Verse使用一个单一的小型化传感器进行数据交换和无线充电。为了预测U-Verse的性能，我们(i)推导并实验验证了U-Verse充电效率的数学模型；实验计算了超声波换能器和整流电路的电阻-电抗参数。我们设计了一个匹配电路，以最大限度地从外部传输的功率。我们还经历了为U-Verse制造成熟的厘米级印刷电路板（PCB）的挑战。广泛的实验评估表明，U-Verse (i)能够在5cm深度下分别在20分钟和60分钟内为330mF和15F的储能单元充电——比现有的工作高几个数量级；（ii）在电池和超级电容器储能的情况下，分别实现长达610小时和40小时的存储充电时间。最后，U-Verse通过(i)闭环应用程序进行演示，其中周期性传感/驱动任务通过真正的猪肉通过超声波发送数据；（ii）实时可重构起搏器。
The promise of real-time detection and response to life-crippling diseases brought by the Implantable Internet of Medical Things (IIoMT) has recently spurred substantial advances in implantable technologies. Yet, existing devices do not provide at once the miniaturized end-to-end sensing-computation-communication-recharging capabilities to implement IIoMT applications. This paper fills the existing research gap by presenting U-Verse, the first FDA-compliant rechargeable IIoMT platform packing sensing, computation, communication, and recharging circuits into a penny-scale platform. U-Verse uses a single miniaturized transducer for data exchange and for wireless charging. To predict U-Verse's performance, we (i) derive and experimentally validate a mathematical model of U-Verse's charging efficiency; and (ii) experimentally calculate the resistance-reactance parameters of our ultrasonic transducer and rectifying circuit. We design a matching circuit to maximize the amount of power transferred from the outside. We also go through the challenge of fabricating a full-fledged cm-scale printed circuit board (PCB) for U-Verse. Extensive experimental evaluation indicates that U-Verse (i) is able to recharge a 330mF and 15F energy storage unit - several orders of magnitude higher than existing work - respectively under 20 and 60 minutes at a depth of 5cm; (ii) achieves stored charge duration of up to 610 and 40 hours in case of battery and supercapacitor energy storage, respectively. Finally, U-Verse is demonstrated through (i) a closed-loop application where a periodic sensing/actuation task sends data via ultrasounds through real porcine meat; and (ii) a real-time reconfigurable pacemaker.