Cooperation in humans: competition between groups and proximate emotions
Cooperation in humans: competition between groups and proximate emotions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.07.005
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
West, Stuart A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burton-Chellew, Maxwell N.;Ross-Gillespie, Adin;West, Stuart A.
了解有利于合作的最终和最近机制仍然是生物科学和社会科学的最大挑战之一。许多理论研究表明，群体之间的竞争可能在人类社会内部合作的进化中发挥了关键作用，其他生物也讨论了类似的想法，特别是合作繁殖的脊椎动物。然而，有一个相对缺乏的实证工作来检验这些想法。我们的实验发现，在与人类的公共物品博弈中，当群体与其他群体竞争经济奖励时，个体在自己的群体中做出了更大的贡献。在这种情况下，参与者更有可能将他们的小组成员视为合作者而不是竞争对手。个体之间的贡献差异，无论有或没有组间竞争，与个人的倾向，把组队友作为合作者呈正相关。我们发现，个体所经历的内疚和愤怒的程度是他们自己和他们的团队成员的贡献的函数。总的来说，我们的研究结果是一致的想法，合作的水平可以影响的接近情绪，这与组间竞争的程度。(C)2010年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Understanding the ultimate and proximate mechanisms that favour cooperation remains one of the greatest challenges in the biological and social sciences. A number of theoretical studies have suggested that competition between groups may have played a key role in the evolution of cooperation within human societies, and similar ideas have been discussed for other organisms, especially cooperative breeding vertebrates. However, there is a relative lack of empirical work testing these ideas. Our experiment found, in public goods games with humans, that when groups competed with other groups for financial rewards, individuals made larger contributions within their own groups. In such situations, participants were more likely to regard their group mates as collaborators rather than competitors. Variation in contribution among individuals, either with or without intergroup competition, was positively correlated with individuals' propensity to regard group mates as collaborators. We found that the levels of both guilt and anger individuals experienced were a function of their own contributions and those of their group mates. Overall, our results arc consistent with the idea that the level of cooperation can be influenced by proximate emotions, which vary with the degree of intergroup competition. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.