Drinking Among Strangers: A Meta-Analysis Examining Familiarity as a Moderator of Alcohol's Rewarding Effects
Drinking Among Strangers: A Meta-Analysis Examining Familiarity as a Moderator of Alcohol's Rewarding Effects
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DOI：
10.1037/adb0000264
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Fairbairn, Catharine E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fairbairn, Catharine E.
长期以来，在不熟悉的社交场合饮酒一直与酒精问题有关。大量的间接证据表明，酒精的主观效果缓解紧张和增强积极情绪的作用在陌生人和熟悉的人之间会被放大。但社交熟悉度和酒精奖励之间的联系从未被研究过。我对21项以社会背景为特征的酒精管理研究（总N = 2，046）进行了荟萃分析，研究了酒精对情绪和社会结果的自我报告以及社会互动背景下的行为的影响。根据参与社会互动的参与者在参与研究之前是否熟悉（熟悉条件）以及社会互动和酒精给药程序的其他特征对研究进行分类。随机效应荟萃回归模型的结果显示，熟悉程度对调节酒精反应有显著影响，Q（1）= 9.80，p = 0.0002。当研究检查陌生人之间的互动时（d = 0.48，95%置信区间[CI：0.34，0.61]），酒精相关的社交情绪增强显著大于当研究检查熟悉个体之间的互动时（d = 0.09，95% CI [= 0.12，0.29]）。值得注意的是，在分别研究自我报告和行为的分析中，研究结果表明，饮酒会在熟悉和不熟悉的环境中导致类似的行为去抑制，但这种去抑制对内部主观体验的影响可能因熟悉程度而异。总体而言，研究结果表明，个人可能会获得更多的主观奖励，从酒精在不熟悉的社会背景下，指出熟悉作为一个潜在的有前途的调查研究酒精问题的风险机制。
Drinking in unfamiliar social settings has long been linked to alcohol problems. A large body of indirect evidence has accumulated to suggest that alcohol's rewarding subjective effects-both tension relieving and positive-mood enhancing-will be magnified when it is consumed among strangers versus among familiar individuals. But the link between social familiarity and alcohol reward has never been examined. I conducted a meta-analysis of 21 alcohol-administration studies featuring social context (total N = 2,046), examining the effects of alcohol on self-reports of mood and social outcomes and on behaviors in the context of social interactions. Studies were classified according to whether participants involved in the social interaction were previously acquainted prior to study participation (familiarity condition) and also according to other characteristics of the social interaction and alcohol-dosing procedure. Results of random effects metaregression models revealed a significant effect of familiarity in moderating alcohol response, Q(1) = 9.80, p = .0002. Alcohol-related social-emotional enhancement was significantly larger when studies examined interactions among strangers (d = .48, 95% confidence interval [CI:.34,.61]) versus when they examined interactions among familiar individuals (d = .09, 95% CI [= .12,.29]). Of note, in analyses examining self-reports and behaviors separately, findings indicated that alcohol consumption leads to similar behavioral disinhibition across familiar and unfamiliar contexts but that the consequences of this disinhibition for internal subjective experience may differ depending on familiarity. Overall, results suggest that individuals may gain more subjective reward from alcohol in unfamiliar social contexts, pointing to familiarity as a potentially promising line of inquiry for research examining mechanisms of risk for alcohol problems.