Comparative Corporate Governance Country Report: Japan
Comparative Corporate Governance Country Report: Japan
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公司治理国家比较报告：日本
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Kanda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Kanda
日本有大约9,000家上市公司。其中，约2，300家在证券交易所上市。所有这些公司都采取股份公司的法律的形式。上市公司的股份制是高度制度化的。它有两个特点：（1）金融机构和工业公司是大股东;（2）这些股东是稳定股东，但通常拥有每个上市公司总股份的一小部分。董事会几乎总是由前雇员组成，日本有一个独特的法定审计员制度。上市公司过去更多地通过银行借款而不是发行债务证券来筹集资金，因此银行是重要的利益相关者。因此，在日本的公司治理中，监督任务是分散的。股东、员工和贷款人在日本公司治理中都发挥着一定的作用。今天，在法律和实践中都有一股变革的潮流。
There are about 9,000 publicly held business corporations in Japan. Among them, about 2,300 are listed on stock exchanges. All these corporations take the legal form of kabushikigaisha (stock company). Shareownership of public companies is highly institutionalized. It has two characteristics: (1) financial institutions and industrial corporations are major shareholders; and (2) these shareholders serve as stable shareholders but usually own a small fraction of the total shares of each public company. The board of directors almost always consists of former employees, and there is a unique system of statutory auditors in Japan. Public companies used to raise funds more often by bank borrowing than by issuing debt securities, so that bankswere important stakeholders. Monitoring tasks thus are spread out in Japanese corporate governance. Shareholders, employees, and lenders all play some role in Japanese corporate governance. Today, there is a current toward change both in law and practice.