Elemental composition and sources of fine and ultrafine ambient particles in Erfurt, Germany
Elemental composition and sources of fine and ultrafine ambient particles in Erfurt, Germany
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DOI：
10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00494-1
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发表时间：
2003-04-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Wichmann, HE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cyrys, J;Stölzel, M;Wichmann, HE
我们展示了1995 - 1998年期间德国爱尔福特城市气溶胶源解析的首批结果。该分析基于以下数据：颗粒物数量浓度（0.01 - 2.5微米；平均值为1.8×10⁴个/立方厘米，连续测量）、环境气体二氧化硫、一氧化氮、二氧化氮和一氧化碳的浓度（连续测量）、小于2.5微米（PM2.5）和小于10微米（PM10）的颗粒物质量（哈佛撞击式采样，PM2.5平均值为26.3微克/立方米，PM10平均值为38.2微克/立方米）以及19种元素的粒径分级浓度（撞击式采样0.05 - 1.62微米，质子激发X射线发射分析）。我们确定了：（a）（i）气态污染物1小时和24小时平均浓度与颗粒物数量以及颗粒物质量浓度之间的相关性，以及（ii）24小时元素浓度之间的相关性；（b）以硅为参考元素的质子激发X射线发射分析元素的地壳富集因子；（c）工作日和周末所测污染物的日变化模式。具有高度相关性且富集因子较低的质子激发X射线发射分析元素硅、铝、钛和钙被确定为土壤元素。颗粒物数量浓度与一氧化氮具有很强的相关性，一氧化氮被认为是交通典型排放物，并且它们的日变化非常相似，这表明颗粒物数量浓度中有相当大一部分与车辆排放有关。除了一氧化氮和颗粒物数量浓度外，其他污染物如二氧化氮、一氧化碳以及锌和铜等元素也具有很强的相关性，似乎反映了机动车交通情况。硫可能是煤炭燃烧的示踪剂，然而，它与所提及的任何元素都没有相关性。具有高度相关性的元素钒和镍具有相似的富集因子，被视为石油燃烧的示踪剂。（C）2002爱思唯尔科学出版社。版权所有。
We present the, first results of a source apportionment for the urban aerosol in Erfurt, Germany, for the period 1995-1998. The analysis is based on data of particle number concentrations (0.01-2.5 mum; mean 1.8 X 10(4) cm(-3), continuous), the concentration of the ambient gases SO2, NO, NO2 and CO (continuous), particle mass less than 2.5 mum (PM2.5) and less than 10 mum (PM10) (Harvard Impactor sampling, mean PM2.5 26.3 mug/m(3), mean PM10 38.2 mug/m(3)) and the-size fractionated concentrations of 19 elements (impactor sampling 0.05-1.62 mum, PIXE analysis). We determined: (a) the correlations between (i) the 1- and 24-h average concentrations of the gaseous pollutants and the particle number as well as the particle mass concentration and (ii) between the 24-h elemental concentrations; (b) Crustal Enrichment Factors for the PIXE elements using Si as reference element; and (c) the diurnal pattern of the measured pollutants on weekdays and on weekends. The highly correlated PIXE elements Si, Al, Ti and Ca having low enrichment factors were identified as soil elements. The strong correlation of particle number concentrations with NO, which is.,considered to be typically emitted by traffic, and-the striking similarity of their diurnal variation suggest that a sizable fraction of the particle number concentration is.-Associated with emission from vehicles. Besides NO and particle number concentrations other pollutants such as NO2, CO as well as the elements Zn And Cu were strongly correlated and appear to reflect motor vehicle traffic. Sulfur could be a tracer for coal combustion, however, it was not correlated with any of the quoted elements. Highly correlated,elements V and Ni have similar enrichment factors and are considered as tracers for oil combustion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.