Non-host organisms impact transmission at two different life stages in a marine parasite

Non-host organisms impact transmission at two different life stages in a marine parasite
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非宿主生物影响海洋寄生虫两个不同生命阶段的传播

DOI:
10.1007/s00436-018-6121-2
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Selbach
Selbach
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vielma;Lagrue;Poulin;Selbach

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当地生物多样性“稀释”感染风险的潜力已被证明对水生吸虫特别重要,其中非宿主生物可以以自由生活的感染阶段(尾蚴)为食,并降低向目标宿主的传播率。非宿主生物也可能在吸虫生命周期的其他阶段影响传播。InPhilophthalmusspp。尾蚴以囊蚴的形式存在于外部表面,在那里它们仍然暴露于非宿主生物的不利影响。在实验室实验中,我们测试了一系列非宿主生物(i)捕食尾蚴的潜力,(ii)诱导早期(即更快)的包囊,(iii)捕食或破坏包囊蚴。我们的研究结果表明,潮间带海葵,以及较小程度上的蛤蜊,可以消耗大量的尾蚴。然而,我们没有发现强有力的证据表明这些捕食者的存在会导致尾蚴更快地成囊,从而逃离捕食者。我们还发现,吃蜗牛可以通过吃蜗牛或压碎蜗牛来减少囊蚴的数量。我们的发现进一步证明,吸虫传播的成功可能受到当地非宿主生物多样性的强烈影响。它们还强化了这样一种观念,即寄生虫对许多生物来说是潜在的重要食物,因此在许多食物网中扮演着消费者以外的角色。
The potential for local biodiversity to ‘dilute’ infection risk has been shown to be particularly important in aquatic trematodes, where non-host organisms can feed on free-living infective stages (cercariae) and reduce transmission rates to target hosts. Non-host organisms could also impact transmission during other stages of the trematode life cycle. InPhilophthalmusspp., cercariae encyst as metacercariae on external surfaces, where they remain exposed to the adverse effects of non-host organisms. In laboratory experiments, we tested the potential for a range of non-host organisms to (i) prey on cercariae, (ii) induce early (i.e., faster) encystment and (iii) prey on or destroy metacercariae. Our results show that intertidal anemones, and to a lesser extent clams, can consume substantial numbers of cercariae. However, we found no strong evidence that the presence of these predators causes cercariae to encyst faster as a way to escape from predation. We also found that grazing snails can reduce numbers of encysted metacercariae, either by eating or crushing them. Our findings add to the growing evidence that trematode transmission success can be strongly affected by the local diversity of non-host organisms. They also reinforce the notion that parasites are potentially important food items for many organisms, thus playing roles other than consumers in many food webs.
潮间带海葵 Anthopleura aureoradiata 在蜗牛尾蚴传播中的缓冲作用
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发表时间: 2008
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发表时间: 2003
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