PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS - SEASONED STRATEGIES, DISAPPEARING DISEASE
PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS - SEASONED STRATEGIES, DISAPPEARING DISEASE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92472-4
复制
发表时间：
1994-05-28
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
DEQUADROS, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HULL, HF;WARD, NA;DEQUADROS, C
自西半球发生最后一例麻痹性脊髓灰质炎病例以来，两年多过去了，在全球根除野生脊髓灰质炎病毒方面取得了重大进展。脊髓灰质炎正在从欧洲、北非、南部非洲、中东、中国和太平洋地区消失。1992年报告的小儿麻痹症病例减少到15 587例。世界卫生组织建议的当前根除战略包括全国性大规模运动，向所有5岁以下儿童口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗，加强监测以发现急性弛缓性麻痹病例，建立病毒诊断实验室网络，以及对脊髓灰质炎病毒传播可能持续存在的地区和人群进行有针对性的免疫接种。根除的主要障碍包括对根除的政治支持不足和资金不足，特别是用于购买疫苗的资金不足。随着对国际根除工作的进一步支持，脊髓灰质炎的流行将在发展中国家停止，工业化国家将能够节省每年用于脊髓灰质炎疫苗和康复的大笔资金。
With more than 2 years having elapsed since the last case of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in the Western Hemisphere, significant progress has been made towards the global eradication of wild polioviruses. Poliomyelitis is disappearing from Europe, North Africa, Southern Africa, the Middle East, China, and the Pacific. Reported poliomyelitis cases declined to 15 587 cases in 1992. Current eradication strategies recommended by the World Health Organization include national mass campaigns administering oral poliovaccine to all children under 5 years of age, enhanced surveillance to detect cases of acute flaccid paralysis, creating a network of laboratories for viral diagnosis, and targeted immunisation to areas and populations where poliovirus transmission is likely to persist. The major obstacles to eradication include inadequate political support for eradication and insufficient funding, especially for the purchase of vaccine. With additional support for the international eradication effort, epidemics of poliomyelitis will cease in developing countries, and industrialised countries will be able to save the large sums spent each year on poliovaccine and rehabilitation.