Field investigations and monitoring as tools for modelling the Rossena castle landslide (Northern Appennines, Italy)
Field investigations and monitoring as tools for modelling the Rossena castle landslide (Northern Appennines, Italy)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10346-006-0046-z
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发表时间：
2006-06
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
A. Chelli;G. Mandrone;G. Truffelli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Chelli;G. Mandrone;G. Truffelli
2004年2月28日晚，意大利北部亚平宁的Rossena村发生了一场山体滑坡，该村庄建在玄武岩块状的岩石底部，由粘土和页岩以块状高度变形的形式包裹着。这场失败摧毁了一些房屋、道路和田野，但幸运的是，坐落在悬崖上的中世纪罗塞纳城堡根本没有被卷入其中。这项研究的目的是获得一个技术和地质模型，以产生滑坡风险区划，为规律性和发展规划，以便提出最正确的行动计划。通过详细的地质和地貌调查，可以区分该地区不同的重力地貌。计划直接和间接调查非常有帮助，包括钻孔钻探、取样、地震(层析)和电法勘测。事件发生后立即建立了监测系统(三个钢丝伸长仪和一个倾斜仪)，然后逐步被更完整的一个取代(两个倾斜仪，两个关节计，四个倾斜仪，两个增量式伸长仪和两个压力计)。这一现象可以分为不同的部分。边坡的中央部分与可能影响基岩的复合滑坡有关，目前可以认为是整个失稳框架的“引擎”。事实上，结果是，在斜坡的上部，岩石外部脱节的巨大块体经历了垂直位移和局部倾覆。最后，最低的部分受到缓慢移动的影响，可能与基岩蠕动或岩石流动有关，而脚趾，实际上是在坡脚，受到浅层山体滑坡的影响。这种不稳定的框架是复杂演化的结果，从近9000多年前开始，放射性碳测年证明了这一点。在更近的时期(19世纪)，罗塞纳滑坡也是由一场地震引发的，地震导致岩石部分破裂，导致岩石坍塌和地面裂缝。
In the evening of February 28, 2004, a landslide took place in the village of Rossena (Northern Apennines, Italy), built at the base of a crag shaped in a basalt mass and wrapped in highly deformed formation of clay and shale with blocks. The failure damaged some houses, roads and fields but, fortunately, the medieval Rossena Castle, lying on the crag, was not involved at all. The goal of the study was to attain a technical and geological model of the slope to generate a landslide risk zonation, for regularity and development planning, so that the most correct action plans could be proposed. A detailed geological and geomorphological survey allowed for distinguishing the different gravitative landform of this area. It was very helpful to plan direct and indirect investigation, including borehole drillings, samplings, seismic (tomography), and electrical surveys. A monitoring system was built up immediately after the event (three wire extensometers and one inclinometer), then progressively substituted by a more complete one (two tiltmeters, two jointmeters, four inclinometers, two incremental extensometers, and two piezometers). The phenomenon can be divided in different parts. The central sector of the slope is interested by compound slides likely affecting the bedrock and can be considered, at present, the ‘engine’ of the whole instability framework. Indeed, as a consequence, in the upper portion of the slope the huge blocks in which the outer part of the crag is disjointed experienced vertical displacements and, locally, topplings. Finally, the lowest sector is affected by slow movements, probably connected to bedrock creep or rock flow, while the toe, really at the foot of the slope, by shallow landslides. This instability framework is the result of a complex evolution, starting almost more than 9,000 years ago, as testified from a radiocarbon dating. In more recent time (19th century), the Rossena landslide was also triggered by an earthquake that induced the partially breaking up of the crag, causing rock falls and cracks in the ground.