The Political Economy of Power Sector Reform: The political economy of power sector reform in South Africa
The Political Economy of Power Sector Reform: The political economy of power sector reform in South Africa
复制标题
电力部门改革的政治经济学：南非电力部门改革的政治经济学
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511493287.007
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
A. Eberhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Eberhard
在上个世纪的大部分时间里，南非电力部门发展的主要趋势是一个庞大而强大的、垂直整合的国有垄断企业的增长和巩固。大多数早期的私营电力生产商逐渐被Eskom接管，Eskom开始负责新的供应。电力工业日益集中和公有制的主要驱动因素是，发电厂可能产生规模经济，需要大量资本，而政府可以提供担保，而且电力被视为政府工业化战略的重要组成部分。与此同时，国家在其他关键基础设施行业也发挥了主导作用，包括铁路、航空和海运、电信、水、煤基合成燃料、核能以及钢铁行业。这些部门的竞争和私有制被认为是不理想的；相反，国家将这些行业视为工业化、创造就业和经济发展的关键工具。
The dominant trend in the evolution of the power sector in South Africa over much of the last century was the growth and consolidation of a large and powerful state-owned, vertically-integrated monopoly. Most of the early private power producers were gradually taken over by Eskom which became responsible for new supply. The main drivers for the increased concentration and public-ownership of the industry were potential economies of scale in power plant, the requirement for large amounts of capital that could be facilitated by government guarantees, and the fact that electricity was seen to be an essential ingredient of government’s industrialization strategy. At the same time, the state was also assuming a dominant role in other key infrastructure industries, including rail, air and sea transport, telecommunications, water, coal-based synthetic fuels, nuclear energy, and also the iron and steel industry. Competition and private-ownership in these sectors were thought to be non-optimal; instead the state viewed these industries as key instruments for industrialization, employment creation and economic development.