Potential Measures for Linking Park and Trail Systems to Public Health
Potential Measures for Linking Park and Trail Systems to Public Health
复制标题
将公园和步道系统与公共卫生联系起来的潜在措施
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Floyd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Courtney L. Schultz;R. Layton;Michael B Edwards;J. Bocarro;Roger L. Moore;Stephanie Tepperberg;Attila Bality;M. Floyd
内容摘要：几个世纪以来，人们直观地认识到户外环境与总体健康之间的联系。最近的研究建立了一个知识体系，支持公园和步道在身体、心理、社会和生态健康领域的公共卫生中的作用。然而，不同的人群和社区以不同的方式和不同的程度使用公园和步道。了解这些差异可以在指导系统性公园和步道系统规划以最大限度地提高有益健康成果方面发挥重要作用。有鉴于此，国家公园管理局 (NPS) 河流、步道和保护援助计划 (RTCA) 和北卡罗来纳州立大学 (NCSU) 在疾病控制和预防中心 (CDC) 的支持下开展了一项协作流程，以确定与公园和步道相关的潜在健康措施，这些措施可用于未来的监测、宣传和规划。本文献综述是推荐对从业者和规划使用有效且可行的措施的过程的第一步。采用系统策略来寻找纳入与公园和步道系统规划相关的健康或福祉措施的研究。总共确定了 37 项研究措施，重点关注五个健康类别之一：身体、心理、社会、生态系统服务和建筑环境。目前在规划过程中分配公园和步道的做法并非基于经验证据，可能支持也可能不支持公共卫生和福祉目标，而公共健康和福祉是提供公园和步道的最初动力的很大一部分。各机构试图解决的健康问题不会消失，而且随着城市的不断发展和变化，新的问题可能会加剧。本研究的目的是确定经过验证的指标，将公园和步道与公共卫生目标联系起来。与这些公共卫生结果相关的公园和步道数据的收集可用于为公园和步道分配和管理的政策、实践、指南和其他策略提供信息。这项研究的结果对公园、休闲、步道、绿道、开放空间和健康领域的专业人士和倡导者有四个重要意义：（1）帮助实现与公园和步道系统规划相关的公共卫生目标； (2) 指导从业者努力提供与健康相关的娱乐机会； (3) 支持社区休闲和保护项目； (4) 鼓励规划者、倡导者、管理者和研究人员之间进行更富有成效的对话。
Executive Summary: The connection between the outdoor environment and general well-being has been intuitively recognized for centuries. Recent research has built a body of knowledge supporting the role of parks and trails in public health regarding physical, mental, social and ecological health domains. However, different populations and communities use parks and trails in varying ways and to different degrees. Understanding these differences can play an important role in guiding systematic park and trail system planning for maximizing beneficial health outcomes. In light of this, a collaborative process involving the National Park Service (NPS) Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program (RTCA) and North Carolina State University (NCSU), with support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), was used to identify potential health measures associated with public parks and trails that could be used for future surveillance, advocacy, and planning. This literature review is the initial step in the process of recommending measures that are both valid and feasible for practitioner and planning use. A systematic strategy was utilized to search for studies that incorporated measures of health or well-being related to parks and trail system planning. A total of 37 study measures were identified that focused on one of five health categories: physical, psychological, social, ecosystem services, and the built environment. Current practices for allocating parks and trails in the planning process are not based on empirical evidence and may or may not support the goals of public health and well-being that were a large part of the original impetus for providing public parks and trails. The health problems agencies are trying to address are not going away, and may be exacerbated by new ones as cities continue to grow and change. The intent of this study is to identify validated metrics, which link parks and trails to public health goals. The collection of park and trail data related to these public health outcomes could be used to inform policies, practices, guidelines, and other strategies for the allocation and management of parks and trails. Results from this research have four important implications for professionals and advocates in the fields of parks, recreation, trails, greenways, open space, and health: (1) to help make the case for public health goals related to park and trail system planning; (2) guide practitioners in their efforts to provide health-related recreation opportunities; (3) support community recreation and conservation projects; and (4) encourage more productive conversations among planners, advocates, managers, and researchers.