Trace metal requirements for microbial enzymes involved in the production and consumption of methane and nitrous oxide.
Trace metal requirements for microbial enzymes involved in the production and consumption of methane and nitrous oxide.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2012.00061
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Orphan VJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glass JB;Orphan VJ
温室气体向大气的通量受到微生物活动的严重影响。参与温室气体产生和消耗的微生物酶通常含有金属辅因子。虽然广泛的研究已经研究了铁的生物利用度对微生物CO2循环的影响，但很少有研究探索微生物生产和消耗第二和第三丰富的温室气体甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）的金属需求。本文综述了微生物CH4和N2O循环对过渡金属需求的生化、生理和环境研究现状。产甲烷古菌需要大量的Fe、Ni和Co（以及一些Mo/W和Zn）。铁、镍和钴的低生物利用度限制了纯和混合培养和环境研究中的甲烷生成。厌氧甲烷营养古菌（ANME）的厌氧甲烷氧化可能是通过逆向产甲烷发生的，因为ANME拥有产甲烷途径中的大部分酶。好氧CH4氧化在第一步使用Cu或Fe，这取决于Cu的可用性，并在随后的步骤中使用额外的Fe， Cu和Mo。通过传统的厌氧反硝化产生N2O主要是基于铁的，而好氧途径（硝化菌反硝化和古细菌氨氧化）除了需要铜，或者可能代替铁。编码含cu的N2O还原酶的基因，是唯一已知的能够将微生物N2O转化为N2的酶，只在经典的反硝化菌中发现。在纯培养物和湖泊生态系统中观察到低Cu导致的N2O积累，但在海洋系统中没有观察到。未来的研究需要涉及氨氧化古菌富集培养产生N2O的金属酶，清除稀有金属的生物机制，以及在厌氧环境中金属生物利用度与温室气体通量之间的可能联系，在厌氧环境中，金属可能因硫化物-金属清除而受到限制。
Fluxes of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are heavily influenced by microbiological activity. Microbial enzymes involved in the production and consumption of greenhouse gases often contain metal cofactors. While extensive research has examined the influence of Fe bioavailability on microbial CO2 cycling, fewer studies have explored metal requirements for microbial production and consumption of the second- and third-most abundant greenhouse gases, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Here we review the current state of biochemical, physiological, and environmental research on transition metal requirements for microbial CH4 and N2O cycling. Methanogenic archaea require large amounts of Fe, Ni, and Co (and some Mo/W and Zn). Low bioavailability of Fe, Ni, and Co limits methanogenesis in pure and mixed cultures and environmental studies. Anaerobic methane oxidation by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) likely occurs via reverse methanogenesis since ANME possess most of the enzymes in the methanogenic pathway. Aerobic CH4 oxidation uses Cu or Fe for the first step depending on Cu availability, and additional Fe, Cu, and Mo for later steps. N2O production via classical anaerobic denitrification is primarily Fe-based, whereas aerobic pathways (nitrifier denitrification and archaeal ammonia oxidation) require Cu in addition to, or possibly in place of, Fe. Genes encoding the Cu-containing N2O reductase, the only known enzyme capable of microbial N2O conversion to N2, have only been found in classical denitrifiers. Accumulation of N2O due to low Cu has been observed in pure cultures and a lake ecosystem, but not in marine systems. Future research is needed on metalloenzymes involved in the production of N2O by enrichment cultures of ammonia oxidizing archaea, biological mechanisms for scavenging scarce metals, and possible links between metal bioavailability and greenhouse gas fluxes in anaerobic environments where metals may be limiting due to sulfide-metal scavenging.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Anderson I;Ulrich LE;Lupa B;Susanti D;Porat I;Hooper SD;Lykidis A;Sieprawska-Lupa M;Dharmarajan L;Goltsman E;Lapidus A;Saunders E;Han C;Land M;Lucas S;Mukhopadhyay B;Whitman WB;Woese C;Bristow J;Kyrpides N
通讯作者：
Kyrpides N
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Cantera, J. Jason L.;Stein, Lisa Y.
通讯作者：
Stein, Lisa Y.
影响因子：
4
作者：
Basiliko, N;Yavitt, JB
通讯作者：
Yavitt, JB
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Casciotti, KL;Ward, BB
通讯作者：
Ward, BB