Considering marijuana legalization carefully: insights for other jurisdictions from analysis for Vermont
Considering marijuana legalization carefully: insights for other jurisdictions from analysis for Vermont
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DOI：
10.1111/add.13289
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Kilmer, Beau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Caulkins, Jonathan P.;Kilmer, Beau
背景和目的2014年，美国佛蒙特州立法机构通过了一项法律，要求行政部长报告大麻合法化的后果。兰德公司受委托撰写这份报告。本文总结了这一分析得出的与其他司法管辖区密切相关的见解。方法将兰德公司报告中的关键发现转化为更广泛的政策辩论。结果马里华纳合法化包含了广泛的可能制度，至少在四个维度上有所不同：允许哪些组织生产和供应药物，他们运作所依据的法规，可以分销的产品的性质，以及税收和价格。佛蒙特州的非刑事化已经将针对成年人执行大麻禁令的成本降低到每个居民每年约1美元。这可能低于监管一个合法市场的成本。合法化后对居民购买商品征税的收入可能是这个数字的数倍，所以相对于完全合法化，合法化后的禁令的主要财政成本可能是失去的税收收入，而不是执法成本。居住在佛蒙特州境内200英里以内的用户大约是该州境内的40倍；毒品旅游和相关的税收将是重要的考虑因素，其他州的反应也是如此。事实上，如果另一个州以较低的税收合法化，那可能会削弱对佛蒙特州居民购买的大麻征税的能力。结论如果美国佛蒙特州大麻合法化，可能产生的后果分析表明，关于如何使毒品合法化的选择，而不仅仅是是否合法化，可能会对健康和社会福祉产生深远的影响，一个司法管辖区的选择可能会影响其他司法管辖区的选择和激励措施。
Background and AimsIn 2014 the legislature of Vermont, USA passed a law requiring the Secretary of Administration to report on the consequences of legalizing marijuana. The RAND Corporation was commissioned to write that report. This paper summarizes insights from that analysis that are germane to other jurisdictions.MethodTranslation of key findings from the RAND Corporation report to the broader policy debate.ResultsMarijuana legalization encompasses a wide range of possible regimes, distinguished along at least four dimensions: which organizations are allowed to produce and supply the drug, the regulations under which they operate, the nature of the products that can be distributed and taxes and prices. Vermont's decriminalization had already cut its costs of enforcing marijuana prohibition against adults to about $1 per resident per year. That is probably less than the cost of regulating a legal market. Revenues from taxing residents' purchases after legalization could be many times that amount, so the main fiscal cost of prohibition after decriminalization relative to outright legalization may be foregone tax revenues, not enforcement costs. Approximately 40 times as many users live within 200 miles of Vermont's borders as live within the state; drug tourism and associated tax revenues will be important considerations, as will be the response of other states. Indeed, if another state legalized with lower taxes, that could undermine the ability to collect taxes on even Vermont residents' purchases.ConclusionsAnalysis of possible outcomes if Vermont, USA, legalized marijuana reveal that choices about how, and not just whether, to legalize a drug can have profound consequences for the effects on health and social wellbeing, and the choices of one jurisdiction can affect the options and incentives available to other jurisdictions.