Cohabitation promotes high diversity of clownfishes in the Coral Triangle
Cohabitation promotes high diversity of clownfishes in the Coral Triangle
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2016.0277
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发表时间：
2016-03-30
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Smith, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Camp, Emma F.;Hobbs, Jean-Paul A.;Smith, David J.
全球海洋生物多样性在珊瑚三角区达到顶峰，了解如何保持如此高的多样性是海洋生态学的一个核心问题。我们调查了大规模的小丑鱼和他们的宿主海葵的多样性模式进行981带样带在整个印度太平洋的20个地点。在1508小丑鱼遇到，377鱼发生在种间同居群体和同居几乎完全限于珊瑚三角区。无论是宿主海葵或小丑鱼物种的多样性或密度单独影响种间同居率。相反，同居发生在小丑鱼物种数量超过宿主海葵物种数量的地区。在珊瑚三角区，观察到同居个体精细地划分其宿主海葵，而附属物种居住在外围。此外，种间同居群体的攻击性并没有增加，而是优势种对从属种的接纳。各种组合的下来鱼种观察到同居（独立的身体大小，系统发育相关性，进化年龄，牙列，专业化水平）的范围内的海葵物种，从而确保每个小丑鱼物种有优势的生殖个体在一些同居群体。小丑鱼是专性寄生虫，因此同居是维持高多样性系统中生物多样性的一个重要过程，因为它支持许多物种在宿主可用性有限时的持久性。同居是珊瑚三角区内其他专性生物物种丰富的一个可能的解释，并强调了保护这些生境以保护独特的海洋生物多样性的重要性。
Global marine biodiversity peaks within the Coral Triangle, and understanding how such high diversity is maintained is a central question in marine ecology. We investigated broad-scale patterns in the diversity of clownfishes and their host sea anemones by conducting 981 belt-transects at 20 locations throughout the Indo-Pacific. Of the 1508 clownfishes encountered, 377 fish occurred in interspecific cohabiting groups and cohabitation was almost entirely restricted to the Coral Triangle. Neither the diversity nor density of host anemone or clownfish species alone influenced rates of interspecific cohabitation. Rather cohabitation occurred in areas where the number of clownfish species exceeds the number of host anemone species. In the Coral Triangle, cohabiting individuals were observed to finely partition their host anemone, with the subordinate species inhabiting the periphery. Furthermore, aggression did not increase in interspecific cohabiting groups, instead dominant species were accepting of subordinate species. Various combinations of down fish species were observed cohabiting (independent of body size, phylogenetic relatedness, evolutionary age, dentition, level of specialization) in a range of anemone species, thereby ensuring that each clownfish species had dominant reproductive individuals in some cohabiting groups. Clownfishes are obligate commensals, thus cohabitation is an important process in maintaining biodiversity in high diversity systems because it supports the persistence of many species when host availability is limiting. Cohabitation is a likely explanation for high species richness in other obligate commensals within the Coral Triangle, and highlights the importance of protecting these habitats in order to conserve unique marine biodiversity.