Design practice and volume production in speculative housebuilding
Design practice and volume production in speculative housebuilding
复制标题
投机性房屋建筑的设计实践和批量生产
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Nicol
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Hooper;C. Nicol
在英国，新住宅开发的设计经常受到技术和大报的严厉批评，在过去几年中，它已成为政府政策倡议的重点，旨在提高新住宅建筑的整体设计标准。然而，值得注意的是，对私营部门住房设计过程的实证研究很少，因此，即使是学术评论也不得不从迄今数量非常有限的研究中推断。此外，私营部门的住房建筑业在过去二十年中发生了重大变化，大公司高度集中，从而控制了生产。由于私人住宅建筑部门在20世纪90年代占新产量的80%以上，现在是时候重新审视大型投机性住宅建筑公司的设计实践，以便更好地理解当前的实践以及这些实践所处的限制和机会体系。此外，有必要将设计实践置于建筑技术的背景下，因为设计批评往往从建筑实践和创新技术中抽象出来。因此，本研究探讨，通过全国代表性的问卷调查的房屋建筑公司，目前在行业中使用的占主导地位的设计实践。重点是量的房屋建筑公司（定义为每年生产超过1000个单位）利用标准设计的程度，以及这些设计和所采用的施工技术之间的相互关系。对来自领先房屋建筑公司的高级人员的代表性样本进行深入访谈，补充了全国调查，并提供了对房屋建筑行业面临的限制和机遇系统的见解。当前辩论的核心是，在私营部门的住房建设中，以牺牲设计的个性为代价，对整体设计背景和住房消费者要求的考虑，所谓的可建造性标准之间的冲突。这些问题中的每一个都是在20世纪90年代英国私营部门房屋建筑行业的普遍做法的背景下进行调查的。
The design of new residential development in the UK is castigated routinely in both the technical and broadsheet press, and has in the past few years become the focus of governmental policy initiatives intended to improve the overall standard of design in new housebuilding. Remarkably, however, there has been very little empirical research into the process of housing design in the private sector, and hence even academic commentaries have had to extrapolate from a hitherto very limited number of research studies. Moreover, the private sector housebuilding industry has undergone significant change in the last two decades, with considerable concentration and hence domination of production by large firms. With the private housebuilding sector responsible for over 80% of new production in the 1990s, it is timely to revisit the design practices of large speculative housebuilding firms, in order to better understand current practices and the system of constraints and opportunities in which these practices are situated. Furthermore, it is necessary to place design practice in the context of construction technology, for design criticism all too often abstracts from the technology of building practice and innovation. Therefore, this study examines, by means of a nationally representative questionnaire survey of housebuilding firms, the dominant design practices currently utilized in the industry. The focus is the extent to which volume housebuilding firms (defined as those producing in excess of 1000 units per annum) utilize standard designs, and the interrelationship between such designs and the construction technology employed. In-depth interviews with a representative sample of senior personnel from leading housebuilding companies complement the national survey, and provide insights into the system of constraints and opportunities which the housebuilding industry faces. At the heart of current debates is the conflict between the alleged prominence of the criterion of buildability in private sector housebuilding, at the expense of individuality in design, regard for the overall design context and the requirements of the housing consumer. Each of these issues is investigated in the context of the prevailing practice in the private sector housebuidling industry in the UK in the 1990s.