Divergence equations and uniqueness theorem of static black holes

Divergence equations and uniqueness theorem of static black holes
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静态黑洞的散度方程和唯一性定理

DOI:
10.1088/1361-6382/aad206
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Class. Quant. Grav.
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
S. Yamada
S. Yamada
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Nozawa;T. Shiromizu;K. Izumi;S. Yamada

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静态时空中的散度型方程在黑洞唯一性定理的证明中起着重要的作用。我们将最初由罗宾逊在四维真空时空中发现的发散方程推广到几个方向。我们发现,从球对称的偏差编码在一个对称的无迹张量H ij上的静态时间片。这个张量是构造所需发散方程的关键,它使我们能够在不使用Smarr积分质量公式的情况下得出Schwarzschild黑洞的唯一性结论。在Einstein-Maxwell(-Maxwell)理论中,我们将极大值原理应用于一些发散方程,证明了静态黑洞的唯一性定理。在高维真空时空中,当前证明适用性的一个中心障碍是视界横截面上的维标量曲率的积分,对于n= 4,高斯-博内特定理已将其评估为拓扑常数。然而,事实证明,维对称和无迹张量H ij仍然是工具的修改的唯一性证明的基础上的正质量定理,以及为推导彭罗斯型不等式。
Equations of divergence type in static spacetimes play a significant role in the proof of uniqueness theorems of black holes. We generalize the divergence equation originally discovered by Robinson in four dimensional vacuum spacetimes into several directions. We find that the deviation from spherical symmetry is encoded in a symmetric trace-free tensor H ij on a static timeslice. This tensor is the crux for the construction of the desired divergence equation, which allows us to conclude the uniqueness of the Schwarzschild black hole without using Smarr's integration mass formula. In Einstein–Maxwell (-dilaton) theory, we apply the maximal principle for a number of divergence equations to prove the uniqueness theorem of static black holes. In higher dimensional vacuum spacetimes, a central obstruction for applicability of the current proof is the integration of the-dimensional scalar curvature over the horizon cross-section, which has been evaluated to be a topological constant by the Gauss–Bonnet theorem for n= 4. Nevertheless, it turns out that the-dimensional symmetric and traceless tensor H ij is still instrumental for the modification of the uniqueness proof based upon the positive mass theorem, as well as for the derivation of the Penrose-type inequality.
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