Heterostylie-Forschung Versuche zur genetischen Analyse eines Organisations-und "Anpassungs" Merkmales
Heterostylie-Forschung Versuche zur genetischen Analyse eines Organisations-und "Anpassungs" Merkmales
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01848862
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发表时间：
1936-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
ERNST, ALFRED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ERNST, ALFRED
在报春花和粘花中，除了常见的短花柱型（n-）和长花柱型（n-）外，还发现了花柱长花药位高（h-）型和花柱短花药位低（h-）型。在后者中，花药的位置与柱头的位置一致。（h-）型在花冠形状和花药位置上与（n”）型相似，而（h-）型在这方面与（n”）型相似。通常只有当（n-）或（h-）植物的低坐位花药的小花粉被用在（n-）或（h-）的短柱头上，（n-）或（h-）的大花粉被用在（n-）或（h-）的长柱头上时，才能成功杂交。在发现例外的情况下，从低坐位花药中取出的花粉被发现是大的，通常只有高坐位花药是如此，这表明相容性取决于花粉与柱头的相关特征，而不是花药和柱头的相对位置。在一个大系列的不同组合的交配中，在一个大系列的不同组合的交配中，在一个F3的回交群体中，从hortensis X粘虫到hortensis，杂交。在任何情况下，花药和柱头位置的“不合法”和花粉和柱头特征的“合法”都比相反的类型更成功。后一种杂交获得的活籽率较低，表明不育因素的活性，而不是小尺寸花粉穿透长柱头的机械困难。在一个野生粘棉群体中，花柱长度、花药位置和花粉粒大小几乎所有可能的组合都存在，这使得人们假设它们是由一系列具有多形性效应的多重等位形控制的，每个等位形是其3个组成因子Gg、Aa和Pp的不同组合。实验表明，遗传是一个单位，即3个组成因子的每种不同组合都具有完全的连锁。该系列通过大量的小突变进化而来，分别影响每个组成部分。摘要作者：G. L. Stebbins, Jr
In Primula hortensis and P. viscosa in addition to the normal short-styled (designated n-) and long-styled (n-) floral types, there were found types with long styles and high position of anthers (h-) and with short styles and low anther position (h-). In both of the latter the position of the anthers coincides with that of the stigma. The (h-) types resemble (n") in shape of corolla and position of anthers, while the (h-) types resemble (n") in this respect. Usually successful crosses can be made only when small pollen from the low set anthers of (n-) or (h-) plants is used on short stigmas of (n-) or (h-), and when larger pollen of (n-) or (h-) is used on the long stigmas of (n-) or (h-). Where exceptions were found, the pollen taken from low-set anthers was found to be large as is normally true only of high-set anthers, demonstrating that the compatibility depends upon the character of the pollen in relation to that of the stigma, rather than on the relative position of anthers and stigma. In a large series of matings of different combinations within a population of P. hortensis and an F3 backcross population to P. hortensis from P. hortensis X viscosa, crosses . "illegitimate" as to anther and stigma position and "legitimate" as to character of pollen and of stigma were in every case more successful than the reverse type. The lower percentage of viable seed obtained from the latter type of cross indicates the activity of sterility factors rather than the mechanical difficulty of the small size pollen penetrating the long stigma. The presence of nearly all the possible combinations of style length, anther position, and pollen grain size in a wild population of P. viscosa led to the hypothesis that they are governed by a series of multiple allelomorphs with pleiomorphic effects, each allelomorph being a different combination of its 3 component factors, Gg, Aa, and Pp. Experiments demonstrated the inheritance as a unit, i.e., with complete linkage, of each different combination of the 3 components. The series has evolved through a large number of small mutations, affecting each component separately. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: G. L. Stebbins, Jr