Lessons on orographic precipitation from the Mesoscale Alpine Programme
Lessons on orographic precipitation from the Mesoscale Alpine Programme
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DOI：
10.1002/qj.67
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发表时间：
2007-04
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
R. Rotunno;R. Houze
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Rotunno;R. Houze
尽管流向山区的湿气气流是一个必要因素，但中尺度阿尔卑斯方案(MAP)的结果表明，对地形修正气流的详细了解对于预测地形降水的强度、位置和持续时间至关重要。很难理解阿尔卑斯山发生的地形变化的气流，因为它取决于低层气流的静态稳定性，这严重受天气条件、潜热的复杂影响以及山脉形状的影响，后者在几公里到数百公里的尺度上具有重要和复杂的变化。所有与降水有关的地图研究的中心主题是，复杂的高山地形如何通过确定向上空气运动的位置和速度并引发局部增强降水增长和落下的细尺度运动和微物理过程，影响潮湿的分层气流以产生观测到的降水模式。在本文中，我们回顾了地图观测的主要发现，并描述了受地图结果刺激的一些新的研究方向。版权所有(C)2007皇家气象学会
Although moisture‐laden airflow towards a mountain is a necessary ingredient, the results from the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) demonstrate that detailed knowledge of the orographically modified flow is crucial for predicting the intensity, location and duration of orographic precipitation. Understanding the orographically modified flow as it occurs in the Alps is difficult since it depends on the static stability of the flow at low levels, which is heavily influenced by synoptic conditions, the complex effects of latent heating, and the mountain shape, which has important and complicated variations on scales ranging from a few to hundreds of kilometres. Central themes in all of the precipitation‐related MAP studies are the ways in which the complex Alpine orography influences the moist, stratified airflow to produce the observed precipitation patterns, by determining the location and rate of upward air motion and triggering fine‐scale motions and microphysical processes that locally enhance the growth and fallout of precipitation. In this paper we review the major findings from the MAP observations and describe some new research directions that have been stimulated by MAP results. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society