Assessing the effect of surface chemistry on gold nanorod uptake, toxicity, and gene expression in mammalian cells
Assessing the effect of surface chemistry on gold nanorod uptake, toxicity, and gene expression in mammalian cells
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DOI：
10.1002/smll.200700217
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Chan, Warren C. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hauck, Tanya S.;Ghazani, Arezou A.;Chan, Warren C. W.
通过使用各种层接层的聚电解质（PE）涂层方案，例如常见的聚二烯基二甲基氯化铵聚4-苯乙烯磺酸（PDADMAC-PSS）体系，哺乳动物细胞对金纳米棒的吸收量可以通过操纵PE的表面电荷和官能团从非常高到非常低进行调节。这些纳米棒的毒性也被检查。由于聚乙烯涂层单独是有毒的，因此测量了涂有聚乙烯的纳米棒的毒性，发现在几乎所有情况下，即使在非常高的浓度下，细胞的存活率也大于90%。这种活力测定可能不是毒性的完整指标，因此基因表达分析用于检查暴露于pdadmac包被纳米棒的细胞的分子变化，pdadmac包被纳米棒以最高浓度进入细胞。细胞应激指标，如热休克蛋白，在纳米棒摄取后没有明显的上调或下调，这表明pdadmac包覆的金纳米棒对细胞功能的影响可以忽略不计。此外，很少有基因的表达发生显著变化（0.35%的基因被检测）。这些结果表明，由于其可调节的细胞摄取和低毒性，金纳米棒非常适合于治疗应用，例如热癌症治疗。
Through the use of various layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte (PE) coating schemes, such as the common poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PDADMAC-PSS) system, the mammalian cellular uptake of gold nanorods can be tuned from very high to very low by manipulating the surface charge and functional groups of the PEs. The toxicity of these nanorods is also examined. Since the PE coatings are individually toxic, the toxicity of nanorods coated in these PEs is measured and cells are found to be greater than 90% viable in nearly all cases, even at very high concentrations. This viability assay may not be a complete indicator of toxicity, and thus gene-expression analysis is used to examine the molecular changes of cells exposed to PDADMAC-coated nanorods, which enter cells at the highest concentrations. Indicators Of cell stress, such as heat-shock proteins, are not significantly up- or down-regulated following nanorod uptake, which suggests that PDADMAC-coated gold nanorods have negligible impact on cell function. Furthermore, a very low number of genes experience any significant change in expression (0.35% of genes examined). These results indicate that gold nanorods are well suited for therapeutic applications, such as thermal cancer therapy, due to their tunable cell uptake and low toxicity.