DISCOVERY OF TUNNELLING SUPERCURRENTS
DISCOVERY OF TUNNELLING SUPERCURRENTS
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.46.251
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发表时间：
1974-01-01
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
JOSEPHSON, BD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
JOSEPHSON, BD
的.导致隧道超导流发现的事件发生在我作为研究生在剑桥的皇家学会蒙德实验室工作时，在布赖恩·皮帕德教授的指导下。1961年到1962年，在我做研究生的第二年，我们有幸请到菲尔·安德森教授参观实验室，他对隧道超导电流的研究做出了许多贡献，包括一些未发表的独立于我的研究结果。他在剑桥的讲座中介绍了超导体中“对称性破缺”的新概念，（安德森，1963年），这已经是固有的，在他的1958年赝自旋公式的超导理论（安德森，1958年），我现在将描述。正如库珀在他去年的诺贝尔演讲中所讨论的那样（库珀，1973），根据Bardeen-库珀-施里弗理论，在超导体中，在两个动量和自旋相等和相反的电子态的占据之间存在强的正相关。安德森指出，在相关性完美的理想情况下，系统可以用一组相互作用的“赝自旋”来表示，每对电子态对应一个赝自旋。两种状态都未被占据的情况由正z方向的赝自旋表示，而占据两种状态的情况由负z方向的赝自旋表示;其他赝自旋方向对应于两种可能性的叠加。
The. events leading to the discovery of tunnelling supercurrents took place while I was working as a research student at the Royal Society Mond Laboratory, Cambridge, under the supervision of Professor Brian Pippard. Duringmy second year as a research student, in 1961—2, we werefortunate to have as a visitor to the laboratory Professor Phil Anderson, who has made numerous contributions to the subjectof tunnelling supercurrents, including a number of unpublished results derived independently of myself. His lecture course in Cambridge introduced the new concept of'broken sym-metry'in superconductors,(Anderson, 1963) which was already inherent in his 1958 pseudospin formulation of superconductivity theory (Anderson, 1958), which I shall now describe.As discussed by Cooper in his Nobel lecture last year (Cooper, 1973), according to the Bardeen—Cooper-Schrieffer theory there is a strong positive correlation in a superconductor between the occupation of two electron states of equal and opposite momentum and spin. Anderson showed that in the idealized case where the correla-tion is perfect, the system can be represented by a set of interacting'pseudospins,'with one pseudospin for each pair of electron states. The situation in which both states are unoccupied is represented by a pseudospin in the positive z direction, while occupationof both states is represented by a pseudospin in the negative z direction; other pseudospin orientations correspond to a superposition of the two possibilities.