Income and labour productivity of collection and use of indigenous fruit tree products in Zimbabwe
Income and labour productivity of collection and use of indigenous fruit tree products in Zimbabwe
复制标题
津巴布韦本土果树产品采集和使用的收入和劳动生产率
作者：
D. Mithöfer;H. Waibel
非洲农村人口定期依靠野果来补充饮食并赚取现金收入。然而，关于使用本土果树 (IFT) 产品的经济性的科学证据却很少。该研究的目的是填补 1999 年至 2000 年期间津巴布韦农户调查的一些空白。 Uapaca kirkiana（Muell. Arg.，野生枇杷）、Strychnos sp. 产品的收集、使用和销售的毛利率和劳动回报。 （S. cacculates (Baker) 和 S. spinosa (Lam.)、猴橙）和 Parinari curatellifolia（Planch. ex. Benth.、Fever Tree）与其他农业活动进行了比较。对 Murehwa 公社和 Takawira 安置区的 300 多户家庭进行了随机访谈，以收集收入和支出数据。此外，还对39户家庭的收入、支出和劳动力配置进行了为期一年的密切监测。结果表明，大多数农村家庭从土著产品（IF）的消费和销售中受益，尽管各家庭的受益程度有所不同。在家庭中，儿童是水果的主要消费者。 IF 的营销是由妇女使用收据购买家庭用品进行的。虽然 U. kirkiana 水果在创造现金收入方面比其他水果更重要，但 P. curatellifolia 的水果在粮食短缺期间对于家庭消费很重要。 IFT 产品收集的毛利率低于牲畜和农作物生产的毛利率。然而，收集和使用 IFT 产品所带来的劳动力回报远高于园艺和牲畜饲养等其他活动。研究表明，收集IFT产品是津巴布韦一种有效的劳动力配置策略。
Rural people in Africa periodically rely on wild fruits to supplement their diet and to generate cash income. However, scientific evidence on the economics of using indigenous fruit tree (IFT) products is scarce. The objective of the study was to fill in some of the gaps for which farm-household surveys were conducted in Zimbabwe during 1999–2000. Gross margins and returns to labour in collection, use and sale of products of Uapaca kirkiana (Muell. Arg., Wild Loquat), Strychnos sp. (S. cocculoides (Baker) and S. spinosa (Lam.), Monkey Orange) and Parinari curatellifolia (Planch. ex. Benth., Fever Tree) were compared with other farming activities. A random sample of over three hundred households in the Murehwa Communal and the Takawira Resettlement Areas was interviewed to gather income and expenditure data. Additionally, income, expenditure and labour allocation of 39 households were closely monitored for one year. Results indicated that the majority of rural households benefited from consumption and sale of indigenous (IF), although the extent varied among households. Within the households, children were the main consumers of fruits. Marketing of IF are carried out by women who used the receipts to purchase household goods. While U. kirkiana fruits were more important in generating cash income than others, fruits of P. curatellifoliawere important for home consumption during periods of food shortages. The gross margins for collection of IFT products were lower than for livestock and crop production. However, returns to labour from collection and use of IFT products were considerably greater than from other activities including gardening and livestock rearing. The study indicates that collection of IFT products is an efficient labour allocation strategy in Zimbabwe.