Folding a fish, making a mushroom: The role of diagrams in executing assembly procedures
Folding a fish, making a mushroom: The role of diagrams in executing assembly procedures
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折鱼，制作蘑菇：图表在执行装配程序中的作用
作者：
L. R. Novick;Douglas L. Morse
三个实验研究了分步图和最终状态图在支持对象组装中的作用。总共有180名大学生根据仅包含文本、文本加最终状态（完成对象）图或文本加分步和最终状态图的说明制作折纸对象。在实验1和2中，在最终图条件下的施工精度是可比的，在一步一步的条件下，当对象需要很少的组装步骤，但它是可比的，在纯文本的条件下，当需要许多步骤。实验3独立操纵组装步骤的数量和容易看到的步骤，或推断他们，最终的图表。结果表明，从最终图中提取步骤的难易程度是与教学条件相互作用的主要因果变量。我们解释这些结果的心理模型的建设和工作记忆负荷。
Three experiments examined the role of step-by-step and final-state diagrams in supporting object assembly. A total of 180 college students made origami objects from instructions consisting of text only, text plus a final-state (completed-object) diagram, or text plus step-by-step and final-state diagrams. In Experiments 1 and 2, construction accuracy in the final-diagram condition was comparable to that in the step-by-step condition when the objects required few assembly steps, but it was comparable to that in the text-only condition when many steps were required. Experiment 3 independently manipulated the number of assembly steps and the ease of seeing the steps in, or inferring them from, the final diagram. The results indicated that the ease of extracting the steps from the final diagram was the primary causal variable in the interaction with instructional condition. We interpret these results in terms of mental model construction and working memory load.