Gender equity and tobacco control: bringing masculinity into focus.
Gender equity and tobacco control: bringing masculinity into focus.
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DOI：
10.1177/1757975909358349
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Barraclough, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morrow, Martha;Barraclough, Simon
性别是烟草使用的一个关键但往往被忽视的决定因素，特别是在亚洲，那里与性别有关的流行率差异非常大。在这篇文章中，我们利用现有的数据来考虑这些模式对性别平等的影响，并提出通过对性别敏感的烟草控制活动来纠正不平等的方法。国际证据表明，在许多社会中，危险行为（包括吸烟）主要由男子和男孩实施，并被视为男性身份的表现。虽然性别平等几乎完全侧重于大多数社会中存在的女孩和妇女的相对不利地位，但男性吸烟过多对男性（作为使用者）和女性（非使用者）产生了深远的负面影响。令人惊讶的是，健康促进和烟草控制文献很少关注性别在男孩和男子健康风险中的作用。然而，烟草业的营销巧妙地纳入了性别规范以及其他重要的文化价值观，以确保其符号具有特定的背景。通过在当地文化背景下处理针对性别的风险-正如《框架公约》指导原则要求各国做的那样-也许可以加快烟草定价、限制销售、禁烟和提供准确信息等机制的影响。我们必须为对性别问题有敏感认识的烟草控制建立一个新的研究到政策框架。只有将男性和性别作为社会建设的概念重新纳入我们关于健康和两性平等的研究和讨论，才能加强成功的烟草控制。
Gender is a key but often overlooked--determinant of tobacco use, especially in Asia, where sex-linked differences in prevalence rates are very large. In this article we draw upon existing data to consider the implications of these patterns for gender equity and propose approaches to redress inequity through gender-sensitive tobacco control activities. International evidence demonstrates that, in many societies, risk behaviours (including tobacco use) are practised substantially more by men and boys, and are also viewed as expressions of masculine identity. While gender equity focuses almost exclusively on the relative disadvantage of girls and women that exists in most societies, disproportionate male use of tobacco has profound negative consequences for men (as users) and for women (nonusers). Surprisingly, health promotion and tobacco control literature rarely focus on the role of gender in health risks among boys and men. However, tobacco industry marketing has masterfully incorporated gender norms, and also other important cultural values, to ensure its symbols are context-specific. By addressing gender-specific risks within the local cultural context--as countries are enjoined to do within the Framework Convention's Guiding Principles--it may be possible to accelerate the impact of mechanisms such as tobacco pricing, restrictions on marketing, smoking bans and provision of accurate information. It is essential that we construct a new research-to-policy framework for gender-sensitive tobacco control. Successful control of tobacco can only be strengthened by bringing males, and the concept of gender as social construction, back into our research and discussion on health and gender equity.