Patterns of cognitive function in aging: the Rotterdam Study
Patterns of cognitive function in aging: the Rotterdam Study
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DOI：
10.1007/s10654-014-9885-4
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Ikram, Mohammad Arfan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hoogendam, Yoo Young;Hofman, Albert;Ikram, Mohammad Arfan
认知障碍是痴呆症的重要标志，但认知退化也经常发生在非痴呆老年人中。在以人群为基础的鹿特丹研究中，我们研究了3000多名年龄在45-99岁之间的非痴呆患者，研究了年龄对各个领域认知功能的横断面影响。所有参与者都接受了广泛的认知测试，涉及处理速度、执行功能、语言流畅性、语言回忆和识别、视觉空间能力和精细运动技能。一般认知功能通过g因子进行评估，该因子来源于主成分分析，占认知总方差的49.2%。我们发现年龄与g因子（z-score -0.59 / 10年）之间的相关性最强；精细运动技能（每10年-0.53;95% CI -0.56至-0.50），处理速度（每10年-0.49;95% CI -0.51至-0.46），视觉空间能力（每10年-0.48;95% CI -0.51至-0.45）。相比之下，年龄与即时回忆之间的关联效应大小仅为每10年-0.25 (95% CI -0.28至-0.22)，显著小于年龄与精细运动技能之间的关系（P < 0.001）。总之，在45岁及以上的非痴呆患者中，一般认知能力随着年龄的增长而恶化。更具体地说，精细运动技能、处理速度和视觉空间能力，而不是记忆力，受年龄影响最大。
Cognitive impairment is an important hallmark of dementia, but deterioration of cognition also occurs frequently in non-demented elderly individuals. In more than 3,000 non-demented persons, aged 45-99 years, from the population-based Rotterdam Study we studied cross-sectional age effects on cognitive function across various domains. All participants underwent an extensive cognitive test battery that tapped into processing speed, executive function, verbal fluency, verbal recall and recognition, visuospatial ability and fine motor skills. General cognitive function was assessed by the g-factor, which was derived from principal component analysis and captured 49.2 % of all variance in cognition. We found strongest associations for age with g-factor [difference in z-score -0.59 per 10 years; 95 % confidence interval (CI) -0.62 to -0.56], fine motor skill (-0.53 per 10 years; 95 % CI -0.56 to -0.50), processing speed (-0.49 per 10 years; 95 % CI -0.51 to -0.46), and visuospatial ability (-0.48 per 10 years; 95 % CI -0.51 to -0.45). In contrast, the effect size for the association between age and immediate recall was only -0.25 per 10 years (95 % CI -0.28 to -0.22), which was significantly smaller than the relation between age and fine motor skill (P < 0.001). In conclusion, in non-demented persons of 45 years and older, general cognition deteriorates with aging. More specifically, fine motor skill, processing speed and visuospatial ability, but not memory, are affected most by age.