Prehistoric human response to climate change in the Bonneville basin, western north America: The Bonneville Estates Rockshelter radiocarbon chronology
Prehistoric human response to climate change in the Bonneville basin, western north America: The Bonneville Estates Rockshelter radiocarbon chronology
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106930
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
T. Goebel;B. Hockett;David Rhode;K. Graf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Goebel;B. Hockett;David Rhode;K. Graf
长期气候变化对狩猎采集者文化进化的影响程度一直存在争议。在大盐湖沙漠（美国），一份关于过去15,000年来古环境变化的详细记录已经被开发出来，但一份类似的关于人类占领和适应的完整编年史却不那么可靠。在这里，我们报告和分析的放射性碳年龄的最大的数据集之一（n = 247），但从一个单一的考古遗址在美洲-邦纳维尔庄园Rockshelter，内华达州-调查人类与环境的相互作用，在这个沙漠设置自13,000年前。结果表明，在人类的职业强度和凉爽，中温和温暖，干旱气候之间的振荡，特别是高职业强度在相对凉爽的时候，低强度-甚至放弃-在长期干旱的一致性。最终的结果是一个明确的案例，说明气候的长期振荡如何在边缘环境中反复激发觅食社会的变化。
The extent to which long-term climate change has influenced cultural evolution among hunter-gatherers has long been debated. In the Great Salt Lake desert (USA), a detailed record of paleoenvironmental change has been developed for the last 15,000 years, but a similarly complete chronicle of human occupation and adaptation is less secure. Here, we report and analyze one of the largest datasets (n = 247) of radiocarbon ages yet amassed from a single archaeological site in the Americas — Bonneville Estates Rockshelter, Nevada — to investigate human-environment interaction in this desert setting since 13,000 years ago. Results show a striking consistency in human-occupation intensity and oscillations between cool, mesic and warm, arid climate, specifically high occupation intensity during relatively cool times, and low intensity — even abandonment — during extended periods of drought. The ultimate outcome is a clear case of how long-term oscillations in climate can repeatedly motivate change in foraging societies in a marginal environmental setting.