Acute Toxicity of Major Geochemical Ions to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas): Part A—Observed Relationships for Individual Salts and Salt Mixtures
Acute Toxicity of Major Geochemical Ions to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas): Part A—Observed Relationships for Individual Salts and Salt Mixtures
复制标题
主要地球化学离子对黑头鱼 (Pimephales Promelas) 的急性毒性：A 部分 - 观察到的单个盐和盐混合物的关系
DOI：
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Brandy B. Forsman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Erickson;D. Mount;T. Highland;J. Hockett;Dale J. Hoff;C. T. Jenson;T. Norberg;Brandy B. Forsman
本文报道了几种主要地球化学离子(Na+、K+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl-−、SO_4~(2-)−、HCO_3·−/CO_3~(32)−)对肥头鱼(Pimephales Proelas)的急性毒性实验结果。不同稀释水中单种主离子盐的毒性试验表明，随着稀释水中总离子含量的增加，钠、镁、钾盐的毒性降低。对于钠和镁盐，这归因于钙的含量，如以前报告的喜鱼。对于K盐，原因尚不清楚，但不是像报道的C.dubia那样是由于Na。在一项在高pH(9.3)下进行的不受管制的测试中，还发现NaHCO3的毒性是pH降至8.4时的两倍。二元盐混合物的实验表明，存在多种独立的作用机制。这些毒性包括以前报道的对杜氏囊藻的K特异性毒性和Ca/Mg特异性毒性，但也包括与SO4和以CO3/HCO3为主的高pH/碱度有关的明显毒性。之前对杜氏梭子藻的研究也表明了一种普遍的离子毒性，涉及与渗透压相关的所有离子。对于肥头鱼，也观察到了类似的相关性，但表明了多种机制。在高钙时，这种一般毒性可能归因于渗透压效应，但在低钙时，渗透压可能更多地是一个协变量而不是原因，这种毒性与离子的综合作用有关，而不是通过渗透压。环境毒物化学2022；41：2078-2094。©2022 SETAC。这篇文章是由美国政府雇员贡献的，他们的工作在美国属于公共领域。
The results of a series of experiments on the acute toxicity of major geochemical ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−/CO32−) to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are reported. Tests of individual major ion salts in various dilution waters demonstrated that the toxicities of Na, Mg, and K salts decrease as the overall ion content of the dilution water increases. For Na and Mg salts, this is attributable to Ca content as previously reported for Ceriodaphnia dubia. For K salts, the cause is unclear, but it is not due to Na as reported for C. dubia. In an unregulated test at high pH (9.3), NaHCO3 was also found to be twice as toxic compared to when the pH was reduced to 8.4. Experiments with binary salt mixtures indicated the existence of multiple independent mechanisms of action. These include K‐specific toxicity and Ca/Mg‐specific toxicity previously reported for C. dubia, but also apparent toxicities related to SO4 and to high pH/alkalinity in CO3/HCO3‐dominated exposures. Previous work with C. dubia also suggested a general ion toxicity involving all ions that was correlated with osmolarity. For fathead minnow, similar correlations were observed, but multiple mechanisms were indicated. At higher Ca, this general toxicity could be attributable to osmotic effects, but at lower Ca, osmolarity may be more a covariate than a cause, with this toxicity being related to a combined effect of ions other than via osmolarity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2078–2094. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.