Understanding of Xerostomia and Strategies for the Development of Artificial Saliva
Understanding of Xerostomia and Strategies for the Development of Artificial Saliva
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DOI：
10.3290/j.cjdr.a33269
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Kho, Hong-Seop
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kho, Hong-Seop
随着老年人口的增加，口干症正成为口腔和医疗临床的一个主要问题。药物是口干症最常见的病因，而最严重的口干症通常发生在有头颈部放疗病史的患者身上。硬骨症患者通常会因各种症状和并发症而导致生活质量下降。唾液排出量减少是一个明确的客观指标，但口腔粘膜湿润度是评估口干症的更可靠的因素。口干症的治疗目前尚无有效的治疗方法。唾液酸类药物可能会有问题的副作用，其治疗效果只能持续很短的时间。人工唾液在治疗效果上通常不会产生令人满意的结果。因此，进一步研究和开发更好的治疗方式是必要的。开发理想的、功能性的人工唾液的基本概念是模仿自然的人类唾液。我们需要合适的候选分子和抗菌补充剂来模拟人类唾液的流变学和生物学特性。我们还需要更好地了解人工唾液本身的成分之间的相互作用，以及人类唾液的成分和成分在溶液和表面相中的相互作用。此外，我们还需要公认的方法来评估人工唾液的效果。综上所述，为了开发理想的人工唾液，有必要对口干症的病理生理学和人类唾液的流变学和生物学功能进行研究。
Xerostomia is becoming a major issue in dental and medical clinics with an increase of aged population. Medication is the most common etiology of xerostomia, while the most severe xerostomia generally occurs in patients with a history of head and neck radiotherapy. Xerostomic patients usually suffer from diminished quality of life due to various symptoms and complications. Decreased salivary output is a definite objective sign, but oral mucosal wetness is a more reliable factor for the evaluation of xerostomia. At present there are no effective therapeutic methods for the treatment of xerostomia. Sialogogues may have problematic side effects and their therapeutic effects last only brief duration. Artificial saliva typically does not produce satisfactory results in therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, further research and development of better therapeutic modalities are necessary. The basic concept for the development of ideal and functional artificial saliva is the mimicry of natural human saliva. We need proper candidate molecules and antimicrobial supplements to simulate the rheological and biological properties of human saliva. We also need better understanding of the interactions between the ingredients of artificial saliva themselves and between the ingredients and components of human saliva both in solution and on surface phases. In addition, we need accepted measures to evaluate the efficacy of artificial saliva. In conclusion, for the development of ideal artificial saliva, research based on the understanding of pathophysiology of xerostomia and knowledge about rheological and biological functions of human saliva are necessary.