Antarctic macrozooplankton of the southwest Atlantic sector and Bellingshausen Sea: Baseline historical distributions (Discovery Investigations, 1928-1935) related to temperature and food, with projections for subsequent ocean warming
Antarctic macrozooplankton of the southwest Atlantic sector and Bellingshausen Sea: Baseline historical distributions (Discovery Investigations, 1928-1935) related to temperature and food, with projections for subsequent ocean warming
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.08.011
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Murphy, E. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mackey, A. P.;Atkinson, A.;Murphy, E. J.
自20世纪20年代和30年代的发现调查以来，大西洋地区的海水温度上升了约1摄氏度，高于全球平均上升幅度。本文的目的首先是拯救发现大型浮游动物数据，其次是提供定量的“基线”分布图，将这些与温度和食物指数联系起来。我们的第三个目标是利用我们得出的丰度和温度之间的关系来预测1摄氏度变暖对发现时代分布模式的潜在影响。根据从615个站（11月至3月）检索的1米环网数据，四个分类群占南极大型浮游动物丰度的90%以上：Rhincalanus gigas，Thysanoessp.，南极磷虾和毛颚类。大多数分类群，特别是较丰富的分类群，是进入南极洲的温水物种，因此，从南纬50度到南纬70度，大型浮游动物总丰度减少了约100倍。虽然温度与这种大规模分布的相关性最好，但食物供应（由当今基于卫星的叶绿素a气候学代理）具有次要影响，主要的磷虾类为Euphausia superba和Thysanoessa spp。主要集中在叶绿素a含量高的地区。一个模拟的均匀1摄氏度的温度上升产生了所有类群的向极移动，但南极大陆阻止了高纬度物种的这种重新调整，限制了它们的预测范围。据预测，分布更广的极地/亚极地物种进入南极的深度将增加4-12度，而亚南极分类群潜在范围的向极转移受到南极极锋陡峭温度梯度的限制。然而，在斯科舍海内，北方南极区相对温暖的温度，丰富的食物，由于铁施肥和强烈的涡流活动提供了一个“门户”的北方物种渗透到南部的APF。我们的模型预测，根据测量的分布范围和观测到的温度上升，提供了一个尺度，比较现代的数据汇编和评估未来温度上升的潜在影响。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Since the Discovery Investigations of the 1920s and 1930s, seawater temperatures have increased in the Atlantic sector by similar to 1 degrees C; greater than the global mean rise. The aims of this paper were first to rescue the Discovery macrozooplankton data, second to provide quantitative "baseline" distribution maps, relating these to indices of temperature and food. Our third aim was to use the relationships we derived between abundance and temperature to project the potential affect of a 1 degrees C warming on the Discovery era distribution patterns. Based on the 1 m ringnet data retrieved from 615 stations (Nov-March), four taxa comprised >90% of the Antarctic macrozooplankton abundance: Rhincalanus gigas, Thysanoessa spp., Euphausia superba, and Chaetognaths. Most of the taxa, especially the more abundant ones, were warm water species penetrating into Antarctica and thus total macrozooplankton abundance decreased about 100-fold from 50 degrees S to 70 degrees S. While temperature correlated best with distribution at this large scale, food availability (proxied by a present-day satellite-based Chlorophyll a climatology) had a secondary effect, with the major euphausiids Euphausia superba and Thysanoessa spp. concentrated in high chl a areas. A modelled uniform 1 degrees C temperature rise produced a poleward shift for all taxa, but the Antarctic continent blocked this re-adjustment for the high latitude species, constricting their predicted range. More widespread polar/sub-polar species were predicted to increase their penetration into Antarctica by 4-12 degrees in latitude, whereas the poleward shift in potential range of sub-Antarctic taxa were limited by the steep temperature gradient across the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). However, within the Scotia Sea the relatively warm temperatures of the northern Antarctic Zone, abundant food due to iron fertilisation and intense eddy activity provide a "gateway" for northern species to penetrate south of the APF. Our model predictions, based on measured distributional ranges and observed temperature increases, provide a yardstick with which to compare modern day data compilations and assess the potential effects of future temperature increases. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.