Expanding Homes and Increasing Inequalities: U.S. Housing Development and the Residential Segregation of the Affluent
Expanding Homes and Increasing Inequalities: U.S. Housing Development and the Residential Segregation of the Affluent
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扩大住房规模和加剧不平等：美国住房开发和富人的居住隔离
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发表时间：
2007
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Rachel E. Dwyer
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作者：
Rachel E. Dwyer
美国大都市发展理论解释说，地位较高的人群倾向于居住较新的住房，而地位较低的人群则倾向于居住在较旧的住房中。因此，住房制度反映了更广泛的分层结构，以及为应对二十世纪末收入不平等急剧上升等重要变化而可能发生的变化。事实上，在此期间，美国大都市区出现了一种引人注目的趋势，即越来越大的房屋和许多便利设施，这表明随着不平等的加剧，新建筑可能变得更加排他性并针对富人。在本文中，我利用美国人口普查局的各种来源，调查了新房建设的分层影响是否随着不平等的加剧和住房结构的变化而加剧，研究了新房购买者的收入水平趋势以及住房增长与富裕住宅隔离的关系。我发现了惊人的证据表明，新住房确实变得更加由富人主导，并且在二十世纪末日益分层和隔离。这些变化可能会通过与居住地相关的机会结构（包括受教育机会和住房公平的积累）加剧未来的不平等。
Theories of metropolitan development in the United States explain that higher status populations tend to occupy newer housing while lower status groups tend to be restricted to older housing. The housing system thus reflects the broader stratification structure and likely changes in response to important shifts like the steep rise of income inequality at the end of the twentieth century. Indeed, a striking trend of increasingly large houses with many amenities emerged in U.S. metropolitan areas during this period, indicating that new construction may have become ever more exclusive and targeted to the affluent as inequality rose. In this article, I investigate whether the stratifying impact of new house construction intensified along with growing inequality and changing house structures using a variety of U.S. Census Bureau sources, examining both trends in the income level of new house buyers and the relationship of housing growth to affluent residential segregation. I find striking evidence that new housing did become much more dominated by the affluent, and was increasingly stratifying and segregating at the end of the twentieth century. These changes may exacerbate inequality in the future through opportunity structures linked to place of residence, including access to education and the accumulation of housing equity.