Two Antenna-Enriched Odorant Binding Proteins in Dioryctria abietella Tuned to General Odorants and Insecticides.
Two Antenna-Enriched Odorant Binding Proteins in Dioryctria abietella Tuned to General Odorants and Insecticides.
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飞蛾（鳞翅目：飞蛾科）是一种以松科植物的芽和球果为食的破坏性森林害虫。寄主挥发物和有毒化合物的接受可通过嗅觉器官中表达的气味结合蛋白（OBPs）介导。在这里，如表达谱所示，许多DabiOBPs可能参与生殖。此外，在成虫触角中富集的DabiOBP5和DabiOBP14能与2种植物挥发物和4种杀虫剂强相互作用。其中，从植物花中提取的β-离子酮可能是雌性飞蛾的取食引诱剂，而梨酯乙酯-(2E,4Z)-十烯二酸酯被鉴定为非寄主挥发物，可能会排斥阿比氏夜蛾。另外，2个DabiOBPs可能与杀虫剂抗性有关。分子模拟鉴定了几个参与配体结合的关键残基，揭示了DabiOBP5和/或DabiOBP14与最佳配体的不同结合机制。这些发现为防治阿比耶吉虫提供了潜在的活性化合物，并表征了两种触角大比耶吉虫与植物气味剂和杀虫剂的相互作用机制。森林害虫的管理已成为一项重大挑战，特别是对木蛀虫来说，因为它们大部分时间都在树干或球果中度过。锥虫Dioryctria abietella是球虫的代表，其幼虫以松科植物的球果为食。该物种与寄主植物或生境之间相互作用的分子机制有助于制定害虫防治策略。在这项研究中，我们扩展了32个气味结合蛋白（OBPs）在d.a abietella生殖组织中的表达谱，揭示了29个基因的可检测转录。以两个在触角中高表达的DabiOBPs （DabiOBP5和DabiOBP14）为靶点，通过反向化学生态策略鉴定出6个高亲和力（解离常数< 13 μM）的化合物，包括广泛用于防治鳞翅目害虫的杀虫剂。在这些化合物中，花挥发性β-离子酮和梨产酯乙酯-(2E,4Z)-十烯酸酯可能作为abietella的行为活性化合物。DabiOBPs与杀虫剂的强结合表明它们参与了杀虫剂抗性，反映了该蛾复杂的解毒机制。在分子模拟中，与dabiobpp5相比，DabiOBP14与6种配体具有更强的相互作用，其中结合口袋内的几个关键残基参与了氢键的形成。本研究提供了一些有价值的参考活性化合物，以开发引诱或驱蚊剂，并揭示了两种触角优势的DabiOBPs在植物源气味剂和杀虫剂感知中的作用。
Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a destructive forest pest that feeds on the shoots and cones of Pinaceae plants. The reception of host volatiles and toxic compounds can be mediated via odorant binding proteins (OBPs) expressed in olfactory organs. Here, a number of DabiOBPs may be involved in reproduction, as indicated by the expression profiles. Further, DabiOBP5 and DabiOBP14 enriched in adult antennae could strongly interact with two plant volatiles and four insecticides. Of these, β-ionone derived from plant flowers possibly served as an feeding attractant of female moths, while a pear ester ethyl-(2E,4Z)-decadienoate identified as a non-host volatile may repel D. abietella. In addition, two DabiOBPs were possibly associated with insecticide resistance. Molecular simulations identified several key residues involved in ligand-binding, revealing different binding mechanisms of DabiOBP5 and/or DabiOBP14 with the best ligands. These findings provide potentially active compounds for the control of D. abietella and characterize the interaction mechanisms of two antennal DabiOBPs with plant odorants and insecticides. The management of forest pests has become a significant challenge, particularly for wood borers, because they spend most of the time in the trunks or cones. The coneworm, Dioryctria abietella, is a representative of cone borers as its larvae feed on the cones of Pinaceae plants. The molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between this species and host plants or habitats can assist in developing strategies for pest control. In this study, we extended the expression profiles of 32 odorant binding proteins (OBPs) in the reproductive tissues of D. abietella, revealing the detectable transcription of 29 genes. Using two DabiOBPs highly expressed in antennae (DabiOBP5 and DabiOBP14) as targets, six compounds with high affinities (dissociation constants < 13 μM) were identified through a reverse chemical ecology strategy, including insecticides widely used for the control of lepidopteran pests. Of these compounds, a floral volatile β-ionone and a pear-produced ester ethyl-(2E,4Z)-decadienoate may serve as behaviorally active compounds in D. abietella. The strong binding of DabiOBPs to insecticides suggested their involvement in insecticide resistance, reflecting sophisticated detoxification mechanisms of this moth. In the molecular simulations, DabiOBP14 possessed stronger interactions with the six ligands compared to DabiOBP5, in which a few key residues within the binding pockets were involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds. This study provides some valuable reference active compounds for the development of lures or repellents in D. abietella and unravels the putative roles of two antenna-dominant DabiOBPs in the perception of plant-derived odorants and insecticides.